1. Envelope… It encloses the space within the building: Walls, Roof and Floors Connections and Structure

2. Walls perform many different functions…

3. Interior walls… Can be load bearing or divide space Provide privacy…visual and/or audio Can provide storage Can be vertical teaching surfaces Made of many materials

4. STORAGE

5. GLASS WALLS

6. CEMENT BLOCK

7. VERTICAL TEACHING SURFACE

8. Vertical Teaching Surfaces

10. Space dividers

11. Light-weight walls

12. EXTERIOR WALLS Support the roof Provide shelter from the elements Maintain interior temperature Sound barriers Many different materials, depending on style, cost, location

13. Shelter from elements and sound barriers

14. Frank Lloyd Wright’s Fallingwater

15. Shingle style house in Greenwich

16. Gothic style Lake-Peterson house, Rockford, Illinois

18. ROOFS Patterns and textures enhance the architectural experience Keeps rain out and heat in Visual Expressions- mansard roof, flat tile, curved tiles of Mexico domes

19. Parapet walls…

20. Mies van der Rohe and Le Corbusier contended that buildings need no hat (i.e. that form is stronger without a roof trying to compete in a visual fight with a wall.) Roof may have windows or bounce back the hot rays of the sun. You can’t hide a roof. The roof is a façade because so many buildings look down on other roofs.

21. »Extensions of exterior walls above the roofline. Architects try to hide the eyesores on a flat roof. The elimination of the visible roof has reduced the joy of buildings. Ext ensi ons of exte rior wall s abo ve the roofl ine. Arc hite cts try to hide the eye sore s on a flat roof. Th e elim inati on of the visi ble roof has red uce d the joy of buil ding s. Le Courbusier: Villa Savoie

22. Barcelona Pavillion: Mies van der Rohe 1929

23. Windows Fenestration: the design, arrangement and proportions of windows and window groups….

24. Fenestration Fenestration-the design arrangement and proportion of window groups.

25. Three Basic Functions of Windows To admit natural light To admit and emit air To afford a view

26. Clerestory Windows To admit light

27. Picture Windows To afford a view

28. Casement and double hung windows casement Double-hung

29. Skylights and roof windows

30. Musical Expression There are rhythms to some windows but they are mostly found in buildings. Some of the rhythms are 1-1-1, 1-2 1-2, waltz in 3-quarter time and some in 4-4 time.

31. FLOORS “think of a floor as a walk-on fabric” Be conscious of color, texture and pattern Can absorb sound or glare We react to the materials….

32. Materials Brick, marble, wood, carpeting, tile, stone, terrazzo, linoleum. Walking on different materials sends different sensuous signals from feet to brain.

33. Wood…can be natural, stained, painted…

34. Brick…

35. Marble…and polychrome…

36. Color, texture and pattern…

37. Architecture-Connections

38. What are Connections? Connections are how walls connect wit the floor, how the ceiling joins the walls, and where there are openings in the walls Details are very important for connections There are sky connections and ground connections Details match the form of the building and can be plain or extravagant

39. Sky Connections This is an example of sky connections, which is the outline of the buildings against the background of the sky

40. Connections In this picture the pillars of the White House connect from the roof to the ground

41. The Kaufmann House by Richard Neutra Check the ground connections…

42. Houses on Stilts The top picture is an example of a house on stilts connected to the ground and the bottom picture is a house where its stilts are connected to the water

43. Philip Johnson’s Glass House 1949

44. Details