1. 004GREECE CRETE and MYCENAE 2,000 BC to 1,100 BC –Ancient civilizations on Aegean Sea Crete2,000 BC to 1,400 BC –Protected by the sea –Luxurious, relaxed way of life –Art consisted of freely shaped forms = feeling of movement »Built palaces Mycenae –Greek mainland –Society of warriors »Built citadels »Principle residents were megarons

3. PALACE OF KNOSSOS

4. SOUTH PROPYLAEUM Palace of King Minos, Knossos c. 1600 B.C. The south propylaeum is the main entrance to the palace. Here it is behind the wall of the corridor of the procession. Stones and wood are the basic building materials. Columns are made from tree trunks which are shaped, plastered, and placed upside down. BACK TO INDEX

5. NORTH PROPYLAEUM Palace of King Minos, Knossos c. 1550 Goods and material brought up to the palace from the harbor enter through a gate at this guard post. A path under the colonnade leads to the central portions of the palace. Barely visible on the wall behind the columns is a fresco of a bull. The bull figures prominantly in the decoration within the complex. The fertility symbolism is clear. BACK TO INDEX

6. ROOM IN THE WEST WING Palace of King Minos, Knossos c. 1550 B.C. A room in the west wing built over a crypt. It is a good example of the Minoan mixture of stone and timber construction. The use a of a column for support clearly opens up the space. The large high windows are common features in the palace. They open the space further, ventilate and give light to the room, and keep the occupant in closer touch with the world of nature outside. BACK TO INDEX

7. THREE-STORY RESIDENCE Palace of King Minos, Knossos c. 1500 B.C. South of the palace is this private house with rooms on three floors. The house probably belongs to a nobleman or an official. BACK TO INDEX

8. THRONE ROOM Palace of King Minos, Knossos Late 15th century B.C. These columns and bench, opposite the throne, divide the room from a small stairway leading to a room below. This is a good example of a column with a black shaft and red capital. The capital is decorated with white and black bands. BACK TO INDEX

9. STAIRWELL Palace of King Minos, Knossos c, 1600 BC The ground level of the stairwell which adjoins the royal apartments. BACK TO INDEX

10. DOLPHIN FRIEZE QUEEN'S APARTMENT Palace of King Minos, Knossos c. 1500 B.C. The queen's apartment or megaron consisted of a fairly spacious suite of rooms. This is the famous dolphin frieze in the main room. Decorative rosette panels surround the door openings and run across the walls. The importance of both the sea and of animals as decorative images is clearly illustrated here. BACK TO INDEX

11. BATHROOM IN THE QUEEN'S APARTMENT Palace of King Minos, Knossos c. 1500 B.C. The queen's bathroom and bathtub, adjacent to the room above. There also was a room with a toilet that flushed. Note the elegant symbolic waves as a decorative frieze. BACK TO INDEX

12. FEMALE IDOL From Hagia Triada c. 1500 B.C. Museum of Herakleion, Crete A terra-cotta female idol covered with breasts. Later you will note this same form of decoration on a libation jug. BACK TO INDEX

13. RHYTON BULL From the Little Palace, Knossos 1550-1500 B.C. A rhyton (libation vase) in the shape of a massive bull's head. It is made of steatite, with eyes of rock crystal - and horns of gilded wood. The natural quality of the bull is outstanding. BACK TO INDEX

14. Beneath the Palace of Knossos BENEATH THE PALACE AT KNOSSOS

15. GREEK MEGARON

17. MEGARON PLAN

18. MEGARON EXTERIOR

19. TREASURY OF ATREUS

20. DROMOS

21. LION’S GATE 1250 BC

22. DETAIL OF LION’S GATE

23. DOMED INTERIOR

24. INTERIOR

25. GREECE –Greek Ideal - mind and body as one –Architecture is the mainstream of European tradition –Worth of the individual Who were the ancient Greeks??????????? –Dorians »Invaded from the north 1100 BC –Ionians »Invaded from the east »Settled in the Greek Islands GREEK ANTHROPOMORPHISM = MAN + FORM –Greek Government Limited democracy - city-states –Greek Religion Worshipped natural phenomenon

26. GREEK ANTHROPOMORPHISM Man + Form –Architecture reflects maker in human scale Temples –Prototype was megaron, Mycenean Chieftain’s House –Considered a house –Classified by number of columns ie hexastyle, peripteral Orders –Doric, Ionic, Corinthian –Determines shape, disposition and proportions of entire set –All were brightly painted

27. DORIC TEMPLES Evolved speciman –Converged toward an ideal –6 th Century changed from timber to stone HERA I (BASILICA) 530 B.C. –Atypical Nine columns, center divided by column HERA II (POSEIDEN) 460 B.C. –Typical Hexastyle façade Two double-tiered colonnades inside

33. PAESTUMMEDITERANIAN SEA

34. GREEK TEMPLES IN PAESTUM ITALY

36. BASILICA (HERA I) TEMPLE

37. TEMPLE OF HERA I FLOOR PLAN

38. HERA II TEMPLE

39. BASILICA FOREGROUND HERA BACKGROUND

40. http://trashformer.free.fr/spip/article.php3?id_article=6

41. PARTHENON Architects Ictinus and Callicrates 447-438 B.C. Design Characteristics –U-shaped double-tiered columns –Proportion 4:9 –Paradoxical effects –Optical and angular refinements Variations from the perpendicular and subtle deviations –Refinements show an astounding degree of craftsmanship

43. PARTHENON FLOOR PLAN

44. PARTHENON

47. Optical and angular refinements

57. DORIC ORDER IONIC ORDER

61. GOLDEN SECTION FOUND IN NATURE