1. Inflammation and Course Themes Nancy Long Sieber, Ph.D. Sept. 12, 2011

2. At Age 1900-1902 Remaining Years of Expected Life 2003 Remaining Years of Expected Life White Male White Female Black Male Black Female White Male White Female Black Male Black Female 0 (Birth)485133357581.6976 105152424366716067 204245353756615157 303537293147524248 402829232438423339 5021 171829332530 601415131421241822 709108 14161215 8056568108 Source : US CDC Life Expectancy of Americans at Various Ages in 1900-’02 and 2003 By Age, Gender and Race

3. http://www.usc.edu/hsc/dental/PTHL312abc/312a/02/Graphics/figure01.gif Challenges and Adaptation

4. http://www.siumed.edu/~dking2/crr/images/CR007b.jpg

5. What is the significance of injury and toxicity? Tissues differ in their capacity for repair –Epithelial cells are continuously replaced –Nerve cells, in general, do not divide Organs also differ in their “safety factors” –All organs have some amount of excess capacity –With aging and injury, the excess capacity is lost, and this may lead to loss of function

6. http://www.wirednewyork.com/hotels/marriott_marquis/images/marriott_marquis_elevators.jpg

7. http://www.gkivdo.com/gkii/wire_3.jpg Elevator cable for passenger elevators has a safety factor of about 11

8. Necrosis and Apoptosis http://pubs.niaaa.nih.gov/publications/arh25-3/image01.gif

9. Developing human hand before web apoptosis http://www.i-am-pregnant.com/img/day48-hand.gif

10. Developing hand after web apoptosis http://www.grg.org/breakingnews2001.htm

11. Modified from: http://www.chrononhotonthologos.com/inactive/strokedr/hbothera.htm.. Area of dead tissue (Ischemic core) Ischemic penumbra where cells are irreversibly damaged. Cells in this region often undergo apoptosis in the hours after the stroke.

12. http://www.uic.edu/classes/bios/bios100/lecturesf04am/inflammation01a.jpg Inflammation

13. Pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1 IL-6 TNF LIVER Positive acute phase reactants: Fibrinogen Serum amyloid A C-reactive Protein C3 Haptoglobin

14. http://www.euromeds.co.uk/allergy-treatment-information.htm Allergen binds to IgE, which links to mast cells, triggering release of histamine.

15. http://www.easterncarolinaent.com/Allergy-Triggers-copy.jpg Common Allergens

16. Autoimmune Disease http://www.mctd.eu/images/AutoimmuneDisorder.jpg

17. http://www.wellesley.edu/Chemistry/chem227/nucleicfunction/cancer/cancer.html Cancer

18. http://www.wellesley.edu/Chemistry/chem227/nucleicfunction/cancer/cancer.html

19. Stress Responses

20. 2000 Obesity Trends* Among U.S. Adults BRFSS, 1990, 2000, 2010 (*BMI 30, or about 30 lbs. overweight for 5’4” person) 2010 1990 No Data <10% 10%–14% 15%–19% 20%–24% 25%–29% ≥30%

21. http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/factsheet/Risk/obesity

22. http://www.lipidsonline.org/slides/slide01.cfm?q=abdominal+fat&pg=1

23. In this abdominal MRI scan, it is possible to see subcutaneous fat around the abdomen, surrounding abdominal muscles. Visceral fat is deeper inside the abdomen, surrounding internal organs.It is the visceral fat that secretes IL-6, strongly suggesting a mechanistic link to systemic inflammation. http://mednews.wustl.edu/tips/page/normal/8947.html

24. The women in this study did not gain weight, but they did have an increase in abdominal fat http://www.lipidsonline.org/slides/slide01.cfm?q=abdominal+fat&dpg=10