1. A survey for Educational Information and Support for Community preparedness Maryline Specht University Paris Descartes

2. Adults’ perception Risk And Educational practices Educational Information and Support Risk Situations Children Educational Community Behaviors Children’s perception Purpose of the survey TO UNDERSTAND

3. To design a pedagogical resource Which sustain Risk and Educational practices : –Risk representation Risk perception Practical knowledge –Community bonding Trust Dialogue Supervision –Beliefs About children About children’s feelings About children’s educational needs About educational principles Perspective

4. The questionaire is composed of 62 items to which each subject answers by agreeing or not. Example Risk perception : It’s not very dangerous to cross the road Practical knowledge : I know how to identify danger Trust : If something severe happens, rescuers will manage Dialogue : If I have a problem, I can talk about it with my teacher Supervision : Parents explain dangers to their children Beliefs about children : Girls are as strong as boys Beliefs about children’s feelings : If adults are frightened, children will feel it Beliefs about children’s educational needs : Children need to be secured Beliefs about educational principles : Children have to prepare the future Survey

5. Population The proximal educational community of children POPULATIONTOTAL Belgium Children572 Parents440 Grand-parents310 Teachers23 1345 France Children813 Parents632 Grand-parents470 Teachers19 1934 Bulgaria Children1860 Parents1789 Grand-parents1675 Teachers120 5444 TOTAL8723

6. RESULTS RISK REPRESENTATION

7. Serious situationsLower dangers RISK PERCEPTION A high perception of risk for everyone Severity enhances the perception of risk RISK PERCEPTION 0 20 40 60 80 100 % Dang- Street Acc- School Acc- Home Cata- Home Dang- School Dang- Home Fun- Fire Children Teachers Parents Grand-parents

8. 0,20-0,2-0,4 0 BuTea BuPar BuGpa BuChildren BeChildren Frchildren BeTea BePar BeGpaFrPar FrGpa FrTea Dang-FireDang-Street Disaster-Home Acc-School Acc-Home Dang at Home fun-Fire Dang at School Bulgarian Population French and Belgium Population French and Belgium Children Serious Situations Lower Dangers

9. The perception of risk is higher for the French and Belgium populations than for the Bulgarian population. Children are more aware of fire danger than adults in Belgium and France. Children are less aware of risk at home and at school than adults. RISK PERCEPTION

10. PRACTICAL KNOWLEDGE Children’s demands for grand-parents' help is under estimated, within every countries and much more for teachers and parents then for children but not for the grand-parents themselves. French and Belgium population major personal knowledge while Bulgarian population major help demands. 0 20 40 60 80 100 % Reco-DangAct-DangCall-HelpCall-P-KeyCall-GP-Key Children Teachers Parents Grand-parents

11. RESULTS COMMUNITY BONDING

12. TRUST Belgium population trust more the neighbors than French and Bulgarian population. Belgium results as an example Teachers Children Parents Grand-parents School-Teachers Neighbors Dang-P Severity-GP Severity-Adult Every one trust parents first. But adults trust more grand- parents than children. And children and teachers trust more teachers, than parents and grand-parents. Adults Children

13. DIALOGUE For Bulgarian people, children have no one to talk to. Teachers under evaluate dialogue with parents and over evaluate dialogue with teachers, compared to children, grand-parents and parents. Elders (50-70 years and 70&+) over estimate dialogue with teachers compared to youngers (7- 12 years and 20-50 years) who over estimate dialogue with parents. DIALOGUE with 0,00 20,00 40,00 60,00 80,00 100,00 % Fear-PProb-TeacherProb-Somebody France Children France Teachers France Parents France Grand-parents For Belgium and French people, children have always some one to talk to.

14. SUPERVISION Children can’t help each other for each group. Parents and grand-parents supervise children but there are some variations between groups. SUPERVISION by 0 20 40 60 80 100 % Help-Children Prob-Children ActExemp-P Super-GP DangInfo-P DangAct-P Exemp-GP LearnDang-GP Children Teachers Parents Grand-parents

15. RESULTS BELIEFS

16. BELIEFS ABOUT CHILDREN BELIEFS about Children 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 Boy-StrongGirl-StrongRealityResistance Children Teachers Parents Grand-parents %

17. BELIEFS ABOUT CHILDREN For parents, grand-parents and teachers : Boys are not stronger than girls, Girls are as strong as boys, Children are resistant, Children make confusion between reality and fiction. For Bulgarian grand-parents, Boys are stronger than girls and girls are not as strong as boys. For children, Boys are stronger than girls and girls are not as strong as boys.

18. BELIEFS ABOUT CHILDREN’s FEELINGS Regardless of the country, Adult’s fear and fire are more frightening than television or solitude. Fire is less frightening : for children than for adults, for females than for males. Children Parents Grand-parents Teachers Adult-fear Fire-fear Lonely-fear TV-Fear

19. BELIEFS ABOUT CHILDREN’s NEEDS Children’s needs are strongly estimated regardless of the country but a little less for children than for adults. BELIEFS about Children's Needs of 0 20 40 60 80 100 % Family Fear-Famil Holding Listening Supervision Protection Children Teachers Parents Grand-parents

20. BELIEFS ABOUT EDUCATION Considering adults : Education is the responsibility of parents and family before school or children themselves. Fear seems not a good principle to motive action or understanding. Considering children: Children compared to adults over estimate the potential of fear to motivate action. BELIEFS about Education 0 20 40 60 80 100 % Resp-Children Respect-P Educ-Family Educ-School Futur-Children Death-Act Fear-Underst Fear-Carefull Children Teachers Parents Grand-parents

21. Synthesis Major versus Minor Items EveryonemajorRisk perception EveryonemajorSevere risk perception French and BelgiummajorPersonal knowledge BulgariamajorHelp knowledge EveryonemajorTrusting Parents EveryonemajorSupervision from parents and Grand-parents Bulgaria, ChildrenmajorGender stereotypes EveryonemajorChildren Resistance and Reality confusion EveryonemajorAdult’s fear frightening Grand-parentsmajorSolitude frightening EveryonemajorChildren’s needs ChildrenmajorFear as a motivation for action

22. Synthesis Major versus Minor Items Children, Teachers, Parents minorGrand-parents’ help ChildrenminorTrusting Grand-parents Parents, Grand-ParentsminorTrusting Teachers French, BulgariaminorTrusting neighbors BulgariaminorChildren’s possibility of dialogue TeachersminorChildren’s dialogue with parents EveryoneminorChildren helping each other Children, FemalesminorFire Frightening EveryoneminorTelevision frightening EveryoneminorTeachers’ role in education AdultsminorFear as a motivation for action

23. Considering risk communication A high perception of risk so … : No need to enhance the perception of risks or to emphasize severity. No need to higher the Children’s perception of vulnerability. But focus children risk perception at school and at home. No illusion of control … : But balance help demands and personal knowledge Adults don’t feel they need to be frightened to act but not children, who might have a normative approach or be under social influence. PERSPECTIVE FOR : Educational Information and Support for Community preparedness

24. Considering community Children’s place : - Support children’s dialogue - Support children to help each other Grand-parents’ role : - Considering both Parents and Grand-parents as supervisors of children - Reinforcing the perception of children’s need for grand-parents' help - Trusting grand-parents ? A question for children -Teachers’ role : - Trusting teachers ? A question for parents, grand-parents - Reinforcing education by teachers as well as parents and family -Parents’ role : - Trusting parents as the first referee - Dialogue with parents to be more visible for teachers -Neighbors’ role : - Trusting neighbors ? A question for French and Bulgarian people PERSPECTIVE FOR : Educational Information and Support for Community preparedness

25. Considering education Discussing : - Frightening issues : risk frightening, adults' fear frightening, Television, Solitude - Stereotypes about children PERSPECTIVE FOR : Educational Information and Support for Community preparedness