1. University of Utah 1 Office Automation Progression: -Big number crunchers -Interactive tools for data processing -Hobbyist toys

2. University of Utah 2 Office Automation Progression: -Big number crunchers -Interactive tools for data processing -Hobbyist toys -Tools for normal people’s work

3. University of Utah 3 Word Processing Early attempts -IBM MTST (1964) -Wang 1200 (1974)

4. University of Utah 4 Word Processing Wang WPS (1976) -First time a computer could be called “user- friendly” -distributed system -$30,000 http://www.atariarchives.org/deli/wang_terminal.jpg

5. University of Utah 5 Wang Laboratories Core Memory Calculators Minicomputers Word Processing

6. University of Utah 6 Xerox PARC DARPA: cut funding -Why? Xerox: feared “paperless office” -founded PARC (1970)

7. University of Utah 7 Xerox PARC DARPA: cut funding -Why? Xerox: feared “paperless office” -founded PARC (1970) Result: -Researchers leave universities and join Xerox PARC

8. University of Utah 8 Xerox PARC GUI -“Windows, Icons, Menus, Point-&-click” Ethernet Laser printer

9. University of Utah 9 Xerox PARC GUI -“Windows, Icons, Menus, Point-&-click” Ethernet Laser printer Mouse? -No.

10. University of Utah 10 10 Doug Engelbart Mouse (1967) -two perpendicular wheels http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Firstmouseunderside.jpg

11. University of Utah 11 11 Doug Engelbart Mouse Demo (1968) -Joint Computer Conference (San Francisco)

12. University of Utah 12 12 Video Clip

13. University of Utah 13 13 First GUI-based computer (1973) Not marketed commercially Xerox Alto http://pullmoll.stop1984.com/alto/

14. University of Utah 14 14 Screenshots Xerox Alto http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Alto_trek.jpg http://pullmoll.stop1984.com/alto/

15. University of Utah 15 15 Xerox Star First commercial GUI computer (1981)

16. University of Utah 16 16 Xerox Star First commercial GUI computer (1981) Did not sell well.

17. University of Utah 17 17 Let’s reflect Now GUI’s are everywhere. So why did the early systems fail?

18. University of Utah 18 18 “Test Question” On a scrap of paper, write a question that encapsulates one of the points from today's class, and turn it in. (Put your name on it!)