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Yuh-Jzer JoungOutput OUTPUT The Many Uses of Computing and Communications
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Yuh-Jzer Joung Output Hardware n Hardcopy : Hardcopy refers to printed output n Softcopy : Softcopy refers to data that is shown on a display screen or is in audio or voice form. Output Devices n Display Screens n Printers, plotters, multifunction, and microfilm / fiche devices n Audio-output devices n Video-output devices n Virtual-reality devices n Robots
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Yuh-Jzer Joung Output Display Screen: CRT A CRT, for cathode-ray tube, is a vacuum tube used as a display screen in a computer or video display terminal. Images are represented on the screen by individual dots or “picture elements” called pixels. A pixel is the smallest unit on the screen can be turned on and off or made different shades.
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Yuh-Jzer Joung Output Display Screen : Flat-panel Displays n Flat-panel are much thinner, weigh less, and consume less power. Thus, they are better for portable computer. n Substances between plates --- LCD and gas plasma – LCD consists of a substances called liquid crystal, the molecules of which line up in a way that alters theirs optical properties. As a result, light --- usually backlighting behind the screen --- is blocked or allowed through to create an image. –Gas plasma display is like a neon bulb, in which the display uses a gas that emits light in the presence of an electric current. n Arrangement of transistors --- active-matrix or passive-matrix –In an active-matrix display, each pixels on the screen is controlled by its own transistor. –In a passive-matrix, a transistor controls a whole row or column of pixels.
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Yuh-Jzer Joung Output Flat-panel monitors 11,25, 1998
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Yuh-Jzer Joung Output Screen Clarity n Resolution: The clarity or sharpness of a display screen is called its resolution; the more pixels there are per square inch, the better resolution. E.g., 640x480, 800x600, 1024x768, 1280x1024, 1600x1280. n Dot pitch : Dot pitch is the amount of space between the centers of adjacent pixels, the closer the dots, the crisper the image. E.g.,.24mm,.27mm. n Refresh rate : Refresh rate is the number of times per second that the pixels are recharged so that their glow remains bright. Typical ranges from 50Hz to 150Hz.
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Yuh-Jzer Joung Output Monochrome Versus Color Screen n Monochrome : Monochrome display screens display only two colors --- usually black and white, amber and black, or green and black. n Color : Color display screens can display between 16 and 16.7 million colors, depending on their type.
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Yuh-Jzer Joung Output Text Versus Graphics : n Character-mapped : Character-mapped display screens display only text --- letters, numbers, and special characters. n Bitmapped : Bitmapped display screens permit the computer to manipulate pixels on the screen individually rather than as blocks.
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Yuh-Jzer Joung Output Video Display Adapters n A video display adapter, also called a graphics adapter card, is a circuit board that determines the resolution, number of colors, and how fast images appear on the display screen. – VGA : VGA, for Video Graphics Array, will support 16 to 256 colors, depending on resolution. – SVGA : SVGA, for Super Video Graphics Array, will support 256 colors at higher resolution than VGA. – XGA : XGA, for Extended Graphics Array, support up to 16.7 million colors at resolution of 1024*768 pixels.
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Yuh-Jzer Joung Output Hardware Output : Printer n Desktop Versus Portable Printers: –Desktop printers –Portable printers: transportable versus ultraportable n Impact Versus Nonimpact Printers: –Impact Printers Dot-matrix –Nonimpact Printers Laser printers Inkjet printer Thermal printer
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Yuh-Jzer Joung Output Impact Printers n An impact printer forms characters or images by striking a mechanism such as a print hammer or wheel against an inked ribbon. n The right is a Dot-matrix printer
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Yuh-Jzer Joung Output Inkjet Printers ( 噴墨印表機 ) Inkjet printers spray small, electrically charged droplets of ink from four nozzles through hotels in a matrix at high speed onto paper.
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Yuh-Jzer Joung Output 雷射印表機
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Yuh-Jzer Joung Output Page Description Languages A page description languages describes the shape and position of letters to the printer. Two common page description languages: PostScript PCL (Printer Control Language)
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Yuh-Jzer Joung Output Laser printer ( 雷射印表機 ) A laser printer uses the principle of dot-matrix printers in creating dot-like images. However, these images are created on a drum, treated with a magnetically charged ink-like toner (powder), and then transferred from drum to paper.
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Yuh-Jzer Joung Output Thermal printer
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Yuh-Jzer Joung Output Hardware Output : Plotters n Pen plotter : A pen plotter is designed so that paper lies flat on a table-like surface (flatbed plotter) or is mounted on a drum (drum plotter). Between one and four pens move across the paper, or the paper moves beneath the pens. n Electrostatic : An electrostatic plotter uses electrostatic charges to create tiny dots on special treated paper. The paper is then run through a developed to produce the images, which may be four- color. n Thermal plotter : A thermal plotter uses electrically heated pins and heat-sensitive paper to create imaged.
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Yuh-Jzer Joung Output Plotters
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Yuh-Jzer Joung Output Multifunction Technology: Multifunction Technology: Printer that do more than print n Multifunction machines combine several capabilities, such as printing, scanning, copying, and faxing, all in one device. n Computer Output Microfilm/fiche is computer output produces as tiny images on rolls/sheets of of microfilm. n The paper Glut :Whither the “Paperless Office”?
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Yuh-Jzer Joung Output Audio-output Devices n Voice-output devices: Voice-output devices convert digital data into speech-like sounds. Two types of voice-output technology: – Speech coding uses actual human voices speaking words to provide a digital database of words that can be output as voice sounds. – Speech synthesis uses a set of 40 basic speech sounds (called phonemes, the bases of all speech in English) to electronically create any words. n Sound-output devices: Sound-output devices produce digitized sounds, ranging from beeps and chirps to music.
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Yuh-Jzer Joung Output 視訊會議 (videoconferencing)
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Yuh-Jzer Joung Output Video-output Devices n Videoconferencing and video editing: Videoconferencing is a method whereby people in different geographical locations can have a meeting --- and see and hear one another --- using computer and communications. n HDTV: HDTV(High-definition television) is a television system that features enhanced video and crisp, clear picture using digital transmission.
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Yuh-Jzer Joung Output Virtual-Reality and Simulation ¤ Headgear :The headgear has two small video display screens that create the sense of 3-D. ¤ Glove :The glove has sensors that collect data about your hand movements. ¤ Software :Software gives the wearer of this special headgear and glove the interactive sensory experience. Virtual reality (VR) is a kind of computer-generated artificial reality that projects a person into a sensation of three-dimensional space.
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Yuh-Jzer Joung Output 虛擬實境系統
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Yuh-Jzer Joung Output Robots A robot is an automatic devices that performs functions ordinarily ascribed to human beings or that operates with that appears to be almost human intelligence.
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Yuh-Jzer Joung Output Robots
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Yuh-Jzer Joung Output Creative Output : The Manipulation of Truth in Art & Journalism n Preview & Review : Users of information technology must weigh the effects of the digital manipulation of sound, photos, and video in art and journalism. n Manipulation of Sound n Manipulation of Photos(right picture) n Manipulation of Video
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Yuh-Jzer Joung Output The Future of Output Preview & Review : On the horizon are better, cheaper, and lager display screens; higher-fidelity audio using wave-table synthesis and three-dimensional sound; and real-time video using digital wavelet theory. 3-D technology is bringing three-dimensionality to computer displays and, through VRML (Virtual Reality Markup language) software, 3-D ”virtual worlds” to user of the World Wide Web. n Display Screens : Better & Cheaper n Audio : Higher Fidelity n Video : Movie Quality for PCs n Three-dimensionality Display n Virtual world : 3-D in Cyberspace
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Yuh-Jzer Joung Output 3-D 顯示
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Yuh-Jzer Joung Output 視訊會議示意圖
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