1. Do Now: One result of the Crusades was exposure to Muslim learning and exposure to the revival of the ancient works. What type of learning did the Greeks scholars promote? How might these teachings clash with the Church?

2. –W. Europeans exposed to works of the ancients (b/c of the Muslims) –Greeks promoted logic/reason/science –Church promoted faith * When the Classics are revived, reason (science) vs. Church becomes an issue!!!

3. Remember! Not all of the Dark Ages was “dark” There was some education supported in monasteries There was increased trade and new business practices as a result of the agricultural and commercial revolution There was a growing middle class In some countries, certain liberties were written down (Magna Carta)

4. What new focuses in learning took place in the High Middle Ages? Promoted scholasticism: philosophy that used reason to support Christian beliefs –Ex. Thomas Aquinas was one of the most famous philosophers Adopted Arabic number system (easier) –Solve this math problem: MCMLXXX + MMCCCLX –Now solve this one: 1980 + 2360 What types of advancements do you think happened in science (astrology, chemistry, etc)? Not much…

5. What new focuses in learning took place in the High Middle Ages? In order to better understand scholasticism, read an excerpt by Thomas Aquinas and answer the questions on the sheet. Discuss/share with your partner

6. How would you feel if I told you to read this IMPORTANT information and that it would vital to your life?! What’s the problem with this task? Nel mezzo del cammin di nostra vita mi ritrovai per una selva oscura, ché la diritta via era smarrita.

7. How did new ways of conveying literature help society advance? Writing started to appear in the vernacular of the everyday people, instead of Latin  more people could learn! Dante Alighieri, who wrote Dante’s Inferno, was one of the most famous Italian poets who wrote in the vernacular

8. How does one of the passage’s from Dante’s Inferno reinforce Christian values? (use the picture to help you!) Midway upon the journey of my life I found myself within a forest dark, For the straightforward pathway had been lost. –Dante’s Inferno It references the importance of living of life without sin so you don’t lose your way!

9. How did new architecture in the Middle Ages improve upon earlier styles and support the Church? In order to answer this question, we will be doing some art analysis! The two common styles of architecture were: Romanesque and Gothic As you see each picture, write down DIFFERENCES between the two styles

10. Romanesque Church: St. Filibert, France, 10 c

11. Gothic Cathedral: Notre Dame, Paris, France

12. Romanesque Floor Plan

13. Gothic Floor Plan

14. Interior of a Romanesque Cathedral

15. Interior of a Gothic Cathedral

16. Discuss with your partner! What differences did you notice between the two? Which style seem more advanced? Explain your reasoning!

17. Romanesque Cathedral Architectural Style ÁRounded Arches. ÁBarrel vaults. ÁThick walls. ÁDarker, simplistic interiors. ÁSmall windows, usually at the top of the wall.

18. Gothic Cathedral Architectural Style ÁBegan in France in the 12 c. ÁPointed arches. ÁFlying buttresses. ÁStained glass windows. ÁElaborate, ornate interior. ÁTaller, more airy  lots of light. ÁLavish sculpture  larger-than-life.

19. St. Etienne, Bourges, late 12 c “Flying” Buttresses

20. Flying Buttress

21. Chartres Cathedral, Paris Royal Portal Jamb Figures The “Pillar People”

22. Cathedral Gargoyles

23. Stained Glass Windows ÁFor the glory of God. ÁFor religious instructions.

24. Notre Dame Cathedral

25. The good, of course, is always beautiful, and the beautiful never lacks proportion. --- Plato Rose Window Chartres Cathedral, Paris

26. Which Cathedral Style Is Which?

27. Summary Question What are 3 ex’s that W. European society started to advance (move away from the dark ages) in High Middle Ages (1000- 1400)? How was the Church reinforced during this time? (3 reasons)

28. Summary Question: Answers What are 3 ex’s that W. European society started to advance (move away from the dark ages) in High Middle Ages (1000-1400)? –More open minded to reason (scholasticism help) –New leanings: math! –Able to write in the vernacular so many people can start to write/understand writings How was the Church reinforced during this time? (3 reasons) –Scholasticism helps promote Church and reason together –Literature emphasizes Christian values –Age of Cathedral building shows the grandeur of the religion; windows depict bible scenes; people connect beauty with religion