2. Please get out your thinking map homework Please read the board

3.  Build more dams – trap it upstream  Use more groundwater  Transfer water – pipe it long distances  Desalinate water – take the salt out of sea water ◦ Reverse osmosis ◦ Distillation – boiling, then trapping the fresh steam  Conserve water 5 Ways to increase water availability

4. Texas’ Colorado River

6. Thinking map

7.  Build more dams – trap it upstream  Use more groundwater  Transfer water – pipe it long distances  Desalinate water – take the salt out of sea water ◦ Reverse osmosis ◦ Distillation – boiling, then trapping the fresh steam  Conserve water 5 Ways to increase water availability (sustainably?????)

8. Dams - How they work

9. Texas’ ONLY natural lake – Caddo Lake

10. Three Gorges Dam Yangtze River, China One of the world’s largest power plants Displaced 1.3 million people and flooded cultural/archeological sites Controls flooding downstream

11. Aswan High Dam - Egypt

12. Dams Advantages Disadvantages

13. Use more groundwater

14. Use more Groundwater – Ogallala Advantages Disadvantages

15. Well, DUH!!!!

16. Reverse osmosis

18. Distillation

19. Desalination in Tejas City of Seminole Project Cost: $1, 625, 000 Desalinating brackish groundwater from Dockum Aquifer using wind-power.

20. California Water Transfer project

21. Too much to say! We’ll save it for Friday!

22. Two major topics: Water SUPPLY Water POLLUTANTS

23. clean water

24. Pollutant of the Day! Pathogens

25. World Health Organization Statistics: Concerns: Improvements: 2.6 billion people do not have adequately clean water rural habitants are 5 times less likely to use improved drinking water than those in urban centers. 84% of the population in developing regions are using an improved source; in 2000, 1 billion more people used such a source than in 1990.

26. UN-Water Decade Programme on Advocacy and Communication One out of four urban dwellers does not have access to improved sanitation facilities. 90% of all waste water in developing countries is discharged untreated, polluting rivers, lakes and seas. Every day, 2 million tons of sewage and other effluents drain into the world's waters

27. Lake Conroe and Lake Houston: E. Coli bacteria – double the limit set by state

28. Other Bacterial pathogens Typhoid – diarrhea, severe vomiting, inflamed intestines Cholera – diarrhea, severe vomiting Dysentery – diarrhea, usually only fatal in infants

29. Giardia protezoan – diarrhea, cramps, fatigue

30. Schistosomiasis – parasitic worm

31. Guinea worm – burns as it leaves the human body

32. 'Fiery serpent'... A guinea worm emerges from the leg of a south Sudanese girl. (Reuters: Skye Wheeler, file photo)

33. How are all of these passed on? Overloaded sewage treatment plants Direct dumping of sewage in communities Lack of water treatment plants

35. The Life Straw

37. LifeStraw SwissSwiss-based Vestergaard Frandsen for tourists and people living in developing nations. There are several models of the product: LifeStraw Personal filters a minimum of 700 litres of water, enough for one person and one year. LifeStraw Family filters a minimum of 18,000 litres of water, providing safe drinking water for a family for more than two years. It removes 99.9999% of waterborne bacteria, 99.99% of viruses, and 99.9% of parasites. LifeStraw Personal kills 99.9999% of waterborne bacteria and 98.5% of viruses.developing nationsbacteriaviruses parasites

38. Two types of sources point sources – specific location that can be identified nonpoint sources – spread out, may not be easy to identify.

39. Coal-fired power plant

40. Feedlot: Point or non point?

41. Clear cut logging operation

42. Agricultural fields

43. Outfall effluent from sewage treatment plant

44. City streets

45. Active or abandoned mine

46. Mine tailings piles/gangue

47. Golf course

48. Factory effluent

49. Petroleum refinery

50. Suburban lawns

51. Storm drains Carry water from streets to local bayou/water way The drain is just for rain!

52. Check for understanding!