2. Announcements  If you need more review of Java…  I have lots of good resources – talk to me  Use “Additional Help” link on webpage  Weekly assignments problems due before class  Remove rust from summer and get back into coding  Problems designed to help learn new material, too

3. Data Types  8+1 primitive data types  Examples: boolean, byte, char, int, double, String *  Only types that work with Java operators  Operators include: +, -, %, &&, ||, >=, <, !  Primitives used natively by computers  Means that using them is very quick  Implies greater support within the language

4. Primitive Types  Primitive variables are simple to use  Each variable is a “xerox” holding a value  Assignment copies value  Update variable being assigned only

5. Java Enumerations  enum a fancy type of Java class  Includes fields, methods & constructors like any class  But constructors must be private …  … so cannot create new instances of an enum  Specifies predefined list of instances  Instances declared at start of enum  Instances accessed as EnumName.instanceName  Represent known, finite data with an enum  3 Musketeers, 7 Dwarfs, Card Suits, …

6. Enumeration Methods  enum instances always include these methods  public String name() Returns String equal to actual instances' name  public int ordinal() Position in listing where instance was declared  Can also find all enumerated instances  public static EnumName[] values() Returns array of values enumerated by EnumName

7. Java Enumerations  Must be written in file EnumName.java public enum EnumName { Instance0, Instance1, Instance2; }  Can be used in methods elsewhere: EnumName var = EnumName.Instance0; System.err.println(var.name()); if (var.ordinal() > 1) { System.err.println(“Got Instance2!”); } EnumName[] arr = EnumName.values();

8. Quick Quiz  Should you be taking notes? Let’s see… 1. What are the 3 methods defined by each enum ? 2. What do each of these methods do? 3. Can you use ever compare an enum using “ > ”?

9. Classes  Real world needs more than primitives  Additional types defined by classes in Java  Classes usually begin with: public class ClassNameGoesHere {  By convention, name starts with capital letter  Use interior capitals to highlight words in name  Should be in file named ClassNameGoesHere.java  ClassNameGoesHere becomes type to use

10. Creating Instances  Use instances of a class  Keyword new creates instances: public class Kitty {... } new Kitty(...);

11. Reference Variables  Variables of class type are references  Must assign variable to instance before use  Variable is null when not referring to any instance  Work similar to a remote control  Reference is not object, but refers to object TV telly = new TV(...);

12. Reference Variables  Variables of class type are references  Must assign variable to instance before use  Variable is null when not referring to any instance  Work similar to a remote control  Reference is not object, but refers to object TV telly = new TV(...); telly

13. Reference Variables  Variables of class type are references  Must assign variable to instance before use  Variable is null when not referring to any instance  Work similar to a remote control  Reference is not object, but refers to object TV telly = new TV(...); telly

14. Reference Variables  Variables of class type are references  Must assign variable to instance before use  Variable is null when not referring to any instance  Work similar to a remote control  Reference is not object, but refers to object TV telly = new TV(...); telly

15. Using Instances  Use instances of a class  Each instance is unique  Each instance is unique Kitty cat = new Kitty(...); cat

16. Using Instances  Use instances of a class  Each instance is unique  Each instance is unique Kitty cat = new Kitty(...); Kitty tiger = new Kitty(...); cattiger

17. Using Instances  Use instances of a class  Each instance is unique  Each instance is unique Kitty cat = new Kitty(...); Kitty tiger = new Kitty(...); cat = new Kitty(...); cattiger

18. Using Instances  Use instances of a class  Each instance is unique  Each instance is unique Kitty cat = new Kitty(...); Kitty tiger = new Kitty(...); cat = new Kitty(...); cattiger

19. Working With References  Assignments alias references  Only way to create instance using new  Refer to same instance when aliased

20. Working With References  Assignments alias references  Only way to create instance using new  Refer to same instance when aliased Kitty cat, tiger; cat tiger

21. Working With References  Assignments alias references  Only way to create instance using new  Refer to same instance when aliased Kitty cat, tiger; cat = new Kitty(...); cat tiger

22. Working With References  Assignments alias references  Only way to create instance using new  Refer to same instance when aliased Kitty cat, tiger; cat = new Kitty(...); tiger = new Kitty(...); cat tiger

23. Working With References  Assignments alias references  Only way to create instance using new  Refer to same instance when aliased Kitty cat, tiger; cat = new Kitty(...); tiger = new Kitty(...); tiger = cat; cat tiger

24.  Aliased variables refer to same instance  Single instance get changes to aliased variables  Aliased variables see all changes that are made  But, assignments only affect the one variable Kitty cat, tiger, kat; cat = new Kitty(...); tiger = new Kitty(...); kat = tiger; tiger = cat; cat = kat; tiger = null; Aliasing cat tiger kat

25. Your Turn  Get into your groups and complete activity

26. For Next Lecture  Reading from AF Chapters 8 & 9 for Wednesday  What is the advantages of using arrays?  When and why sucks to use arrays?  Are arrays like primitives or references?  There is weekly assignment problem on Angel  Due before Wednesday’s lecture (via e-mail)  Get back into the swing of writing Java code