1. The Impacts of Geo Systems on Peak Demand, Load Factor and Carbon
Paul Bony
Director of Residential Market Development

2. Buildings drive 40% of U.S. Primary Energy Consumption &
39% of U.S. Carbon Emissions
73% of U.S. Electricity
Source: EIA Annual Energy Review, Table 8.9, June 2007
Buildings Drive Electricity Supply Investment
As Shown in the Buildings Energy Data Book published by DOE., buildings in U.S. account for 40 percent of primary energy consumption and 39 % GHG emissions of the U.S.; Each year these buildings consume 73 percent of U.S. electricity, 34 percent of U.S. natural gas, and significant heating oil and propane.
Recent trends indicate that the large energy and emissions footprint of buildings in the United States is getting larger relative to the transportation and industry sectors.
The all-fuels energy consumption graph in BOTTOM Figure indicates that since 1980 energy use by industry has been stable, and use by buildings has risen faster than transportation energy use.
Electricity consumption only, shown in UP Figure, has been flat in industry for about 15 years while growing more than 50 percent in buildings.
Essentially all growth in U.S. electricity consumption and peak demand since 1985, as well as the investment in the infrastructure required to generate, transmit, and distribute electricity to serve that growth, is accounted for by buildings.
34% of Natural Gas Directly (55% Incl. Gen)

3. Potential of Demand-Side Efficiency Global CO2 Emissions Outlook –
International Energy Association (IEA) 2006
65% EE
“The Fruit on the Ground”

4. Why the Geo Industry Supports Utility Financing Efforts
DOE Industry Roadmap Growth Goal Million GHPs Annually by 2017
Results in 3.3 million installations by 2017
26 MMT annual CO2 reduction
520 MMT lifecycle CO2 reduction over 20 yr GHP life
Creates up to 100,000 new jobs
(The conventional A/C and heat pump market is 6 to 8 million units annually)

5. Geothermal Heat Pumps
Geothermal HVAC
Conventional HVAC

6. Geothermal Heat Pump Systems combine Sun, Earth and Water
using proven technology…
… to create “the most energy-efficient, environmentally clean, and cost-effective space-conditioning system”
(according to U.S. EPA 1993)

7. Typical water-refrigerant Heat Exchanger used in most GSHP equipment
Simple Concept
Water moves energy better than air does
Water in the ground provides renewable energy
Typical water-refrigerant Heat Exchanger used in most GSHP equipment

8. Geothermal Heat Pumps Commercial Buildings
Statue of Liberty Gift Shop
ASHRAE Headquarters - Atlanta, GA
Galt House Hotel - Louisville, KY
Black Point Inn - Prouts Neck, ME
Alta Condos, Washington DC
Harvard Library – Cambridge, MA
French Laundry Rest.- Napa, CA
Whistler Village - BC, Canada
Schools are the biggest market nationwide
Yale Art Bld. – New Haven, CT
Gaillardia Offices – Okla. City
California University of PA
Hirschfeld Towers – Denver, CO
Commercial Buildings

9. Habitat for Humanity
This is a Habit for Home that is part of a new 220 home development being built in Oklahoma City.
The development is going to be the first LEED certified Habitat development in the nation.
Every home has a GHP, foam insulation, ducts in conditioned space, low E windows, CFL lighting
The homes will use 60% less energy than the Habitat homes they were building last year… standard code homes
This home is one of two that have a solar PV system also. This cuts total energy by 75% compared to last year homes. This small solar array will make ALL of the energy to run the GHP system. It also makes this energy during the hot sunny afternoons when the utility is on peak… This home should be a zero peak home, which mean uses no energy on peak
1300 Sq. Ft. Low Energy Habitat for Humanity Homes

10. Low Energy Home Construction Details
Habitat for Humanity
Low Energy Home Construction Details
This is a Habit for Home that is part of a new 220 home development being built in Oklahoma City.
The development is going to be the first LEED certified Habitat development in the nation.
Every home has a GHP, foam insulation, ducts in conditioned space, low E windows, CFL lighting
The homes will use 60% less energy than the Habitat homes they were building last year… standard code homes
This home is one of two that have a solar PV system also. This cuts total energy by 75% compared to last year homes. This small solar array will make ALL of the energy to run the GHP system. It also makes this energy during the hot sunny afternoons when the utility is on peak… This home should be a zero peak home, which mean uses no energy on peak
Geothermal Heat Pump / Foam Insulation / Low-E Glass / CFL Lighting / Energy Star Appliances 10

11. Average of 16 Homes - Total Site Energy Use in 2007
Habitat for Humanity
Habitat for Humanity
Average of 16 Homes - Total Site Energy Use in 2007
50% Site Energy Savings
This is the actual metered TOTAL energy consumption of 8 gas furnace with AC homes compared to 8 GHP homes
These were homes built in 2006 that DO NOT include the insulation, window and lighting upgrades and DO NOT have a solar system. They are pretty much standard code homes with either a conventional gas AC system or a GHP

12. Habitat for Humanity
Site Energy Consumption by End Use

13. Habitat for Humanity Total Energy Consumption and Carbon Emissions
16% to 61% Reduction in Carbon Emissions

14. Demand Impacts
GHP
Value
.5 kW/
ton

15. Demand Impacts
ClimateMaster is working with the Utility Geothermal Working Group and Oak Ridge National Lab to develop a national GSHP demand and energy savings “map” using eQuest (DOE 2) modeling for utility program managers.
Austin TX model results

16. Demand Impacts
4 ton Geo vs. Conventional –Home Peaks – Denver Colorado
Avg. of 2.1kw savings

17. Demand Impacts
Each residential heat pump linked to geothermal system can reduce peak loads in (US DOE)
Summer by 1–2 KW vs. AC
Winter by 4–8 KW vs. AAHP & ER
Residential (Electric Program)
Over 10 million residential consumers
Assume just 1 KW reduction per installation
10,000 MW demand reduction

18. A Tale of Two Buildings PROJECT RESULTS FROM:
A “side by side” Comparison of a Ground Source Heat Pump System vs. Conventional HVAC System between two “identical” buildings.
Palo Alto, CA
Oklahoma City, OK

19. Oklahoma City - Garrett Buildings
Conventional 15,000 sq ft Built in 1987 Conventional Roof Top VAV Building GHP 20,000 sq ft Built in boreholes drilled 250 feet deep on 20 foot centers and 3/4 inch PE pipe 16 Ceiling Mounted Units

20. Garrett Office Buildings Actual Metered Annual Energy Use 2006-2007
47% Site Energy Savings
Actual metered energy use last year

21. Garrett Office Buildings
Monthly Peak Demand
35% Peak Demand Reduction
This really matters to utilities and to areas like NE with grid problems 8

22. Load Factor (4 yr Monthly Average)

23. Palo Alto, California Buildings

24. 2183 and 2185 Park Blvd Buildings
Two Stories
10,000 sq ft each
Built in the 1960s

25. Palo Alto Buildings Energy Costs
construction

26. Hourly Load Curve Sample 08/22/2006

27. Typical distribution feeder (16 in all)
Proven Benefits: GSHP retrofit of 4,000 buildings/homes at Fort Polk Evaluation showed 33% kWh savings, 43% lower summer peak kW demand, and improved load factor (0.52 to 0.62)
Typical distribution feeder (16 in all)
Army’s existing meter
Current transducers on secondary leads to existing meter
New recording watt meter, modem, and phone line
To recorder
Buried phone line to nearest pedestal

28. Geothermal Heat Pumps
The difference in the before and after system efficiency = carbon emissions savings.
300,000 GSHP retrofits could save approximately the carbon emissions of a 500 mW coal plant (which serves 300,000 +/- homes!)

29. Existing Housing Stock (# Homes) - 2005
Gas – 5.3 million
Electric – 1.0 million
Propane – 800k
Heat Pump – 400k
Oil – 200k
Other – 200k
Gas – 13.1million
Electric – 1.3 million
Propane – 1.1 million
Heat Pump – 800k
Oil – 700k
Other – 700k
Gas – 5.7 million
Electric – 4.3 million
Propane – 800k
Heat Pump – 900k
Other – 400k
EIA 2005 Residential
Energy Consumption Survey

30. Geo Heat Pump Retrofits in Existing Homes - Example of Annual Energy and Carbon Savings Potential
CO2 – 10.0 MMT
Summer Peak – 1.9 GW
Winter Peak– 0.3 GW
Electric – 6.8 Billion kWh
Primary – 0.14 quad Btu
Geo Units – 1.0 million
Cost - $10 to $14 billion
Savings - $2.7 billion / yr
CO2 – 8.4 MMT
Summer Peak – 1.2 GW
Winter Peak– 0.8 GW
Electric – 6.3 Billion kWh
Primary – 0.12 quad Btu
Geo Units – 0.6 million
Cost - $6 to $8 billion
Savings - $1.6 billion / yr
CO2 – 14.4 MMT
Summer Peak – 3.1 GW
Winter Peak– 9.7 GW
Electric – 25.4 Billion kWh
Primary – 0.21 quad Btu
Geo Units – 1.5 million
Cost - $15 to $21 billion
Savings - $3.3 billion / yr
Assumed Market Penetration:
25% of homes without
access to natural gas

31. are the Most Efficient way to convert Green Energy
Geothermal Heat Pumps
are the Most Efficient way to convert
Green Energy
into Heating, Cooling and Water Heating
It has been approved by many studies that GHP is the most energy efficient way available to convert green power into heating, cooling, and water heating demanded in the buildings. That is why most zero energy buildings that have been constructed use both on-site renewable electricity generation and GHP.
Making the most effective use of this precious resource
No Carbon Electricity = carbon free heating, cooling & water heating

32. Geothermal Heat Pumps Denver, Colorado eQuest whole house
Source- Scientific American

33. The payback on
Geothermal Systems
is many times faster
than solar PV
But….Geo plus PV (or micro wind) can provide a zero energy home/building with no net off-site electricity or fossil fuel required

34. Thank You For Your Attention! Questions?
If you ever need a hand you can reach me at:
Paul Bony