1. School of Civil Engineering Integrating Heat Transfer Devices Into Wind Tower Systems to provide Thermal Comfort in Residential Buildings John Kaiser S. Calautit Supervisors: Dr. B. Hughes and Prof. N. Wright 3 rd CFD Group Meeting

2. School of Civil Engineering John Kaiser S. Calautit Wind Tower – Natural Ventilation Device Stale Air Out Fresh Air In (Micro Climate) - Leeward + Windward (Macro Climate) ( (Macro Climate) ( Originated from the Middle East (hot and arid regions). Incorporated with advance technology (control dampers, ceiling diffusers, solar panels) Traditional ArchitectureCommercialized Re-Engineering Bring the technology back to the Middle East using heat transfer devices powered system. Buoyancy and displacement effect (driving forces) Windward (+) Leeward (-)

3. School of Civil Engineering Looking into Wind Tower Systems – Airflow Analysis Supplies airflow at ceiling level Increased the indoor airflow by up to 60% Two 4-sided wind tower system (2 floor residential building) Average indoor airflow of 0.4 m/s John Kaiser S. Calautit

4. School of Civil Engineering Traditional Evaporative Cooling (Controlled Test): Existing Cooling Technology Disadvantages: 1.Water - scarce 2.Pump – continuous power supply 3.High Tower – not feasible in urban areas 297 K Wind Tower Channel with Evaporative Cooling (Published Data) 310K 297 K John Kaiser S. Calautit Inlet 310K Outlet Injected Water 0.05 kg/s, 293K

5. School of Civil Engineering John Kaiser S. Calautit Top Hat Adjustable Dampers Louver 1. Integrate heat transfer devices into a commercial wind tower system for the Middle East. Aims and Objective: Evaporator Condenser Heat exchanger system

6. School of Civil Engineering John Kaiser S. Calautit 2. Optimize the thermal comfort of a Qatari residence using the proposed wind tower system. Predicting thermal comfort using PMV model software. Predict Thermal Comfort Required Indoor Temperature? Required Indoor Velocity? Hottest Month

7. School of Civil Engineering John Kaiser S. Calautit Challenges: 1.Reduce the indoor temperature by 10-12K to achieve thermal comfort during summer periods. 2.Achieve minimal restriction in the external air flow stream while ensuring maximum contact time. Supply up to 400 L/s 3.Compact Design - Fit the heat transfer devices and cool sink inside wind tower. 4.Cool Sink 5.Dust

8. School of Civil Engineering John Kaiser S. Calautit CFD Results : Airflow Analysis – Louver Angle (Components) 2.55 m/s 3.31 m/s 45˚35˚ Reduced Air Circulation High Air Circulation 1 m/s Unavoidable due to the louvers and 90˚ bend

9. School of Civil Engineering John Kaiser S. Calautit Research Output: Publications B R Hughes, J K Calautit, S A Ghani, The development of commercial wind towers for natural ventilation: A review, Applied Energy, 92, 606-627, 2012 J K Calautit, B R Hughes, S A Ghani, A Numerical Investigation into the Feasibility of Integrating Green Building Technologies into Row Houses in the Middle East, Architectural Science Review, 55, 1-18, 2012. Future Work: CFD (Transient Modeling, UDF, Solar Loading, Dynamic Mesh) Experimental Work (Wind Tunnel Design, Scaled-Model Testing) Qatar Visit (Duct Testing and Full Scale Testing)