2. Ethics Three “random” chats “knowing doing gap”

3. Categories of normative sciences Logic — things that are true Aesthetics — things that are admirable Ethics — things that are good

4. Heroic figures in ethics Aristotle — definitions Kant — criteria Perry — personal –versus communitarian Rawls — operational Professional — liability Habermas — dialogue Küng — empirical Various schemes: environmental, feminist, power, etc

5. William Perry Levels of intellectual sophistication Ethical development

6. Dualism 1-3 1 Assumption of dualistic structure of world taken for granted, unexamined 2 Truth exists, but not all authorities are knowledgeable 3 Absolute truth has not been discovered, yet

7. Multiplicity 4-6 4 Knowledge is not secure but is any person’s 5 Knowledge is always changing or subject to change

8. Commitment to realism 6-9 6 Knowledge is not something that is external and definite but something that each individual constructs

9. Initial commitment 7 Knowledge is the world view one has constructed from learning and experience, along with the ethical implications of this view 8 Knowledge is a creative resolution between uncertainty and the need to act 9 Individual must break through to new perspectives and discard those no longer useful

10. Perry summary 9 levels 1-3 absolute 4-~6 relative ~6-9 personal

11. Professional ethics Avoiding legal problems Privacy, permission

12. Purpose Ends Means Rationalisable –E.g., historical, economic Objective/subjective

13. Ethics v meta-ethics Environmental ethics Sadism Marxism (ideology & false consciousness) Feminism Hedonism Virtue ethics Utilitarianism

14. continued… Deontology Consequentialism Situation ethics Monism v pluralism Utilitarianism Virtue ethics

15. continued… Relativism Absolutism –Universalism –Realism –Absolutism (Perry position 1!) Machiavelli –Private –Public

16. HCI stances Standards IS09471 User’s task Usability Cost-effectiveness Metrics. Empirical Design Enjoyment

17. ‘Usability’ as applied ethics Kant’s categorical imperative Reciprocity –Help lines? –Bug reports? –User participation? (evaluation…)

18. Kant Criterion Some ‘nice’ principles –E.g., reciprocity, universalisability

19. Küng’s 6 rules Solving problems: don’t create greater problems Burden of proof: demonstrate avoids human or environmental damage Common good: e.g., benefits the community, for a period Urgency: e.g., survival more important than privacy

20. …continued Ecology: system more important than individuals Reversibility: system must be reversible, removable, not cause dependency

21. Post-marxist critical theory One dimensional man (Marcuse) –“I shop therefore I am” Atomised (Lyotard) –What is choice/democracy when you have 500 channels of TV?

22. What I want Operational ethics Bridge ‘knowing-doing gap’

23. Justice Distributive Restorative Punitive Political

24. Aristotle’s view Doing good for others Only virtue you can’t fake

25. Justice by programming Fair chocolate bar

26. John Rawls Justice Veil of ignorance Creating a just world Creating a just system

27. Conclusions Ethics v politics CS is politics Get involved!

28. Next lecture — Thursday 2pm An ethical debate on tags and tagging

29. Where from? Communitarian Individual Artificial