2. Other Significant Liabilities
Appendix H
Learning Objectives
After studying this chapter, you should be able to:
Describe the accounting and disclosure requirements for provisions and contingent liabilities.
Contrast the accounting for operating and finance leases.
Identify additional fringe benefits associated with employee compensation.

3. Provisions and Contingent Liabilities
IFRS Guidelines:
Provision – if a loss is probable (> 50% chance) and if a reasonable estimate can be made of the amount, then a liability should be recorded.
Contingent Liability – if a loss is not probable a liability should not be recorded and the details of situation should be disclosed in the notes to the financial statements.
Remote Possibility (< 10%) – no disclosure.
LO 1 Describe the accounting and disclosure requirements for provisions and contingent liabilities.

4. Need not record or disclose
Provisions and Contingent Liabilities
Probability
Accounting
Probable
Accrue
Reasonably
Possible
Footnote
Remote
Need not record or disclose
LO 1 Describe the accounting and disclosure requirements for provisions and contingent liabilities.

5. Provisions and Contingent Liabilities
Question
A provision should be recorded in the accounts when:
it is probable an outflow of assets will happen but the amount cannot be reasonably estimated.
it is reasonably possible an outflow of assets will happen and the amount can be reasonably estimated.
it is reasonably possible an outflow of assets will happen but the amount cannot be reasonably estimated.
it is probable an outflow of assets will happen and the amount can be reasonably estimated.
LO 1 Describe the accounting and disclosure requirements for provisions and contingent liabilities.

6. Provisions and Contingent Liabilities
Recording a Provision
Product Warranties
Future costs that companies may incur in replacing defective units or repairing malfunctioning units.
Estimated cost of honoring product warranty contracts should be recognized as an expense in the period in which the sale occurs.
LO 1 Describe the accounting and disclosure requirements for provisions and contingent liabilities.

7. Provisions and Contingent Liabilities
Illustration: In 2014, Denson Manufacturing Company sells 10,000 washers and dryers at an average price of $600 each. The selling price includes a one-year warranty on parts. Denson expects that 500 units (5%) will be defective and that warranty repair costs will average $80 per unit. In 2014, the company honors warranty contracts on 300 units, at a total cost of $24,000. At December 31, compute the estimated warranty liability.
Illustration H-1
Computation of estimated
product warranty liability
LO 1

8. Provisions and Contingent Liabilities
Illustration: In 2014, Denson Manufacturing Company sells 10,000 washers and dryers at an average price of $600 each. The selling price includes a one-year warranty on parts. Denson expects that 500 units (5%) will be defective and that warranty repair costs will average $80 per unit. In 2014, the company honors warranty contracts on 300 units, at a total cost of $24,000. At December 31, compute the estimated warranty liability. Make the required adjusting entry.
Warranty expense 40,000
Warranty liability 40,000
LO 1 Describe the accounting and disclosure requirements for provisions and contingent liabilities.

9. Provisions and Contingent Liabilities
Illustration: Prepare the entry to record the repair costs incurred in 2014 to honor warranty contracts on 2014 sales.
Warranty liability 24,000
Repair parts 24,000
Assume that the company replaces 20 defective units in January 2015, at an average cost of $80 in parts and labor.
Warranty liability 1,600
Repair parts 1,600
LO 1 Describe the accounting and disclosure requirements for provisions and contingent liabilities.

10. Provisions and Contingent Liabilities
Disclosure of Contingent Liabilities
Disclosure should identify the:
Nature of the item.
Amount of the contingency, if known.
Expected outcome of the future event.
LO 1 Describe the accounting and disclosure requirements for provisions and contingent liabilities.

11. Lease Liabilities
A lease is a contractual arrangement between a lessor (owner of the property) and a lessee (renter of the property).
Illustration H-3
Types of leases
LO 2 Contrast the accounting for operating and finance leases.

12. Lease Liabilities Operating Lease Finance Lease Journal Entry:
Rent Expense xxx
Cash xxx
Journal Entry:
Leased Equipment xxx
Lease Liability xxx
A lease that transfers substantially all of the benefits and risks of property ownership should be capitalized.
LO 2 Contrast the accounting for operating and finance leases.

13. Lease Liabilities
IFRS does not prescribe criteria for determining classification, however if any one of the following conditions exists, the lessee should record a lease as a finance lease:
The lease transfers ownership of the property to the lessee.
The lease contains a bargain purchase option.
The lease term is a major portion of the economic life of the leased property.
The present value of the lease payments represents substantially all of the fair value of the leased property.
LO 2 Contrast the accounting for operating and finance leases.

14. Lease Liabilities
Illustration: Gonzalez Company decides to lease new equipment. The lease period is four years; the economic life of the leased equipment is estimated to be five years. The present value of the lease payments is $190,000, which is equal to the fair market value of the equipment. There is no transfer of ownership during the lease term, nor is there any bargain purchase option.
Instructions
(a) What type of lease is this? Explain.
(b) Prepare the journal entry to record the lease.
LO 2 Contrast the accounting for operating and finance leases.

15. Lease Liabilities NO NO YES - PV and FMV
Illustration: (a) What type of lease is this? Explain.
Capitalization Conditions:
Transfer of ownership
Bargain purchase option
Lease term major portion of economic life of leased property
Present value is substantially the FMV of the leased property
Finance Lease? NO NO
Lease term 4 yrs.
Economic life 5 yrs.
YES 80%
YES - PV and FMV
are the same.
LO 2 Contrast the accounting for operating and finance leases.

16. Lease Liabilities
Illustration: (b) Prepare the journal entry to record the lease.
Leased Asset - Equipment 190,000
Lease Liability 190,000
The portion of the lease liability expected to be paid in the next year is a current liability. The remainder is classified as a non-current liability.
LO 2 Contrast the accounting for operating and finance leases.

17. Employee Fringe Benefits
Paid Absences
Paid absences for vacation, illness, and holidays.
Accrue a liability if:
Payment of the compensation is probable.
The amount can be reasonably estimated.
LO 3 Identify additional fringe benefits associated with employee compensation.

18. Employee Fringe Benefits
Illustration: Academy Company employees are entitled to one
day’s vacation for each month worked. If 30 employees earn an average of $110 per day in a given month.
Vacation benefits expense 3,300
Vacation benefits liability 3,300
Academy pays vacation benefits for 10 employees.
Vacation benefits liability 1,100
Cash 1,100
LO 3 Identify additional fringe benefits associated with employee compensation.

19. Employee Fringe Benefits
Postretirement Benefits
Post-retirement benefits are benefits that employers provide to retired employees for
health care and life insurance
pensions.
Companies account for post-retirement benefits on the accrual basis.
LO 3 Identify additional fringe benefits associated with employee compensation.

20. Employee Fringe Benefits
Postretirement Health-Care and Life Insurance Benefits
Companies estimate and expense postretirement costs during the working years of the employee.
Companies rarely sets up funds to meet the cost of the future benefits.
Pay-as-you-go basis for these costs.
Major reason is that the company does not receive a tax deduction until it actually pays the medical bill.
LO 3 Identify additional fringe benefits associated with employee compensation.

21. Employee Fringe Benefits
Pension Plans
Employee Fringe Benefits
An arrangement whereby an employer provides benefits to employees after they retire for services they provided while they were working.
Pension Plan
Administrator
Contributions
Employer
Retired
Employees
Benefit Payments
Assets &
Liabilities
LO 3 Identify additional fringe benefits associated with employee compensation.

22. Defined-Contribution Plan
Pension Plans
Employee Fringe Benefits
Defined-Contribution Plan
Defined-Benefit Plan
Employer contribution determined by plan (fixed)
Risk borne by employees
Benefits based on plan value
Benefit determined by plan
Employer contribution varies (determined by Actuaries)
Risk borne by employer
Companies record pension costs as an expense.
Actuaries estimate the employer contribution by considering mortality rates, employee turnover, interest and earning rates, early retirement frequency, future salaries, etc.
LO 3 Identify additional fringe benefits associated with employee compensation.

23. Copyright
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