1. Dr. Jerry P. Galloway CURRICULUM Philosophy CURRICULUM: Philosophy

2. Dr. Jerry P. Galloway Philosophy Guides Everything CURRICULUM: Philosophy Values // World View Dropping Fine Arts / Sports =vs= Academics Emphasizing Standardized Test Scores over Holistic Learning Teaching procedures & tasks =vs= concepts & understanding

3. Dr. Jerry P. Galloway Contrasting 4 Philosophies Idealism – Realism – Pragmatism – Existentialism – CURRICULUM: Philosophy Working with ideas. Learning is conceptual. Greater pursuit of an ideal Truth. – Separate content areas. General/Abstract (Truth) > > to concrete. Similar to Idealism: Learning involves ideas. Also separate content areas: HIGH: General/Abstract but more practical in terms of moral Truths… recognizing the higher value of the sciences. No absolutes. Learning reacts through problem solving to a constantly changing reality. Focus on critical thinking.. ability to adapt. No permanent knowledge. Personal Choice. Reject standards & imposed structure. Personal freedom, individualized direction & self-expression.

4. Dr. Jerry P. Galloway Contrasting 4 Philosophies Idealism – Realism – Pragmatism – Existentialism – CURRICULUM: Philosophy Absolute/eternal – Truth Knowledge/Ideas/Abstract Thinking Absolute/eternal – Nature Knowledge/Ideas/Abstract Thinking Situational/Relative Adaptability/Problem Solving Individual Choice Self-expression/Human Condition

5. Dr. Jerry P. Galloway Educational Philosophies CURRICULUM: Philosophy Perennialism  A holistic improvement of man’s condition.  Opposed to: Cultural Relativism  Emphasizes Critical Thinking, Classics, Liberal Arts, Tougher Standards, Intellectual Development  Uniform Curriculum – few electives  Western Civilization is in Decline

6. Dr. Jerry P. Galloway Educational Philosophies CURRICULUM: Philosophy Essentialism  Educational Excellence & Tougher Standards  Emphasize Content over Process  Emphasize Knowledge & Facts  Back to Basics movement  Cognition over psychological & social concerns  Questions survival of Western Civilization

7. Dr. Jerry P. Galloway Educational Philosophies CURRICULUM: Philosophy Progressivism  Problem solving / critical thinking / scientific methods  How to think / - not What to think  Focus on the learner – not the subject  Oppose: authoritarian teaching / acquisition of facts / reliance on textbooks, teacher in delivery of knowledge  Support: changing individual and social realities, more student control, teacher as facilitator of experiences

8. Dr. Jerry P. Galloway Educational Philosophies CURRICULUM: Philosophy Reconstructionism  Relates education to social progress – therefore: not politically neutral  Role of objectivity / scientific method –vs- declared values  Curriculum changes with society  ? Emphasis on societal advancement over the individual  Social responsibilities  Issues of equality, opportunity, discrimination (or revrs), remediation /-vs-/ striving for excellence & highest achievement.

9. Dr. Jerry P. Galloway CURRICULUM: Philosophy Teaching Philosophy – Learning Theories -ism’s Behaviorism Cognitivism Constructivism others