1. Balance and Proportion Vitruvian Man (1492) Leonardo da VinciVitruvian Man

2. Rhythm and Movement Principles of design that indicate movement by the repetition of elements that guide the viewer’s eye through a work of art; creating a look and feeling of action. Regular rhythm: has identical motifs and the exact same amount of space between them. Alternating Rhythm: Vary motifs, change spacing, shift motif placement. Principles of design Review

3. Principles of design Balance  Principle of design concerned with stabilizing visual forces, or elements in a work of art.  Central axis: An imaginary or literal center dividing line used to judge the balance of works of art. The central axis can be horizontal or vertical.

4.  Formal/symmetrical  Formal balance occurs when equal, or very similar, elements are placed on opposite sides of a central axis.  Your outstretched arms create formal balance. Principles of design Balance Bronwyn McIvor Crystal Ward 2005

5.  Informal/asymmetrical  Informal balance involves a balance of unlike objects.  The weight added to your hand required you to use informal balance to maintain your balance. Principles of design Balance NMilare Lois Knight

6.  Proportion  Proportion is the principle of art concerned with the size relationship of one part to another. Principles of design Proportion

7.  Scale refers to size measured against a standard reference.  Human proportion  The head is the standard reference that defines human proportion.  The average adult is 7 1/2 heads tall.

8. Principles of design Proportion  Foreshortening  To shorten an object to make it look as if it extends backward in space.

9. Principles of design Proportion  Exaggeration & distortion  Deviations from expected, normal proportions. A technique use in caricature drawing.

10. How artist use design principles of balance  Size:  Large forms appear heavier than small forms.  Several small forms can balance one large form.

11. How artist use design principles of balance  Contour:  Complex contour lines appear heavier than simple contour lines.  A small complex object can balance a large simple object.

12. How artist use design principles of balance  Value:  The stronger the contrast in value between an object and the background, the more visual weight the object has.

13. How artist use design principles  Texture:  A ruff texture has an uneven pattern of light highlights and dark, uneven shadows. For this reason a ruff surface attracts a viewers eye more easily than smooth, even surface

14. How artist use design principles of balance  Position:  Like balancing an object, the weight needs to be the same on each side of the central axis.  A large object close to the central axis of a work can be balanced with a smaller object placed far from the central axis.

15. How artist use design principles of proportion  Artists use correct proportions to create illusions of reality. 1623 "David"--Bernini, Gianlorenzo (1598-1680)

16. How artist use design principles of proportion  Exaggeration and distortion is use to express feelings and moods that can be easily understood be viewers.