1. The transition period from childhood to adulthood.
Adolescence Unit 9
The transition period from childhood to adulthood.

2. Physical Development
Puberty
The period of sexual maturation, during which a person becomes capable of reproducing.
Two year growth spurt
Girls-around 11
Boys-around 13
Click above to see all you ever need to know about puberty.

3. Physical Development

4. Primary Sexual Characteristics
Physical Development
Primary Sexual Characteristics
Body structures that make reproduction possible.
Penis
Testes
Vagina
Ovaries

5. Secondary Sexual Characteristics
Physical Development
Secondary Sexual Characteristics
Non-reproductive sexual characteristics.
Body Hair
Widening of the Hips
Deeper Voice
Breast Development

6. Physical Development
Landmarks for Puberty
Menarche (first menstruation) for girls yrs.
Spermarche(first ejaculation) for boys yrs.
Click Tampax for one of those ridiculous commercials.

7. In 1994, she was invited to speak at a United Nations conference on AIDS. She was asked whether it would be appropriate to promote masturbation as a means of preventing young people from engaging in riskier forms of sexual activity, and she replied, "I think that it is part of human sexuality, and perhaps it should be taught." This remark caused great controversy and resulted in Elders losing the support of the White House.
Joycelyn Elders
Surgeon General

8. Physical Development
Raging hormones & frontal lobe dev. explains impulsiveness, risky behavior, and emotional storms.
Early physical development
Males are more popular, confident, and independent, but have higher risk behavior with sex and alcohol.
Females are more stressed, associate with older peers, suffer teasing and sexual harassment.

9. Before adolescence, brain cells increase their connections
During Adolescence, brain begins pruning cells not needed
Risky/impulsive behavior-Thanks to the American Psychological Association and others, the Supreme Court ruled the death penalty for year olds unconstitutional in 2005

10. Cognitive Development
Have the ability to reason but…
The reasoning is self-focused. Teens assume that their experiences are unique.
Formal operational thought (Piaget)
Abstract logic-IF this, THEN that

11. Its all about forming an identity!!!
Social Development
Its all about forming an identity!!!

12. Identity One’s sense of self
Social Development
Identity
One’s sense of self
An adolescent’s job is to find oneself by testing various roles
Comes from Erik Erikson’s stages of Psychosocial development

13. Social Development
Identity
Some teenagers take their identity early by sharing their parents’ values and expectations.
Some will oppose society, but conform to a peer group.

14. Identity
If teens successfully experiment with different roles, they develop a sense of personal identity.
If they fail to develop their own personal identity, they become confused about who they are.

15. Identity- Amish youth & Rumspringa

16. Social Development
Intimacy
Towards the end of adolescence, intimacy becomes the prime goal.

17. Social Development
Erik Erikson
Thought our personality was influenced by our experiences with others.
8 Stages of Psychosocial Development.
Each stage centers on a social conflict/new challenges.
Each stage named after possible outcomes.
Adolescent stage is Identity vs. Role Confusion.

18. 1.Trust v. Mistrust Infancy, birth-1yr.
Can a baby trust the world to fulfill its needs?
The trust or mistrust they develop can carry on with the child for the rest of their lives.

19. 2. Autonomy V. Shame & Doubt
Early childhood 2-3 yrs. old
Toddlers begin to control their bodies (toilet training, feeding and dressing themselves).
Control Temper Tantrums
Big word is “NO”
Can they learn control or will they doubt themselves?

20. 3. Initiative V. Guilt 4-5 yrs. Old (preschool)
Word turns from “NO” to “WHY?”
Want to understand the world and ask questions.
Control impulses & act in socially responsible way?
Is their curiosity encouraged or scolded?

21. 4. Industry (competence) v. Inferiority
6-12 yrs. old. School begins
We are for the first time evaluated by a formal system and our peers.
Do we feel good or bad about our accomplishments?
Can lead to us feeling bad about ourselves for the rest of our lives…inferiority complex.

22. 5. Identity v. Role Confusion
Adolescence yrs. old
In our adolescent years, we try out different roles.
Who am I?
Determine identity & direction in life.
What group do I fit in with?
If I do not find myself I may develop an identity crisis.

23. 6. Intimacy v. Isolation 19-30 yrs. old. Young adulthood
Have to balance work and relationships.
Develop intimate relationships?
What are my priorities?
Marriage?

24. 7. Generativity v. Stagnation
45-65 yrs. old. Middle adulthood
Is everything going as planned?
Am I happy with what I created? (parenting & career or overly self-absorbed)
Mid–life crisis?!

25. 8. Integrity v. Despair 66+ Late adulthood Look back on life.
Was my life meaningful or do I have regrets?
Contentment or disappointment?

27. James Marcia
Expanded on Erikson’s work and divided the Identity v. Role Confusion (identity crisis) into four states.
Not stages, so people do not progress from one step to the next, nor must everyone go through each state.
Marcia studied the different ways that teens handle life decisions and cope with forming an identity.

28. James Marcia’s Adolescent Identity Status Categories
Identity Foreclosure- conforming to adult wishes
Tend to be inflexible and intolerant
Prematurely commits
Identity Moratorium- searching & exploring
I don’t know, but I want to know
Delay commitment
Identity Diffusion- no commitment or goals
Tend to be angry and rebellious
Lacks direction
Identity Achievement- explored, then committed
High self esteem and self-acceptance
Considers alternatives then commits

29. Identity Foreclosure – means that the adolescent blindly accepts the identity and values that were given in childhood by families and significant others. The adolescent's identity is foreclosed until they determine for themselves their true identity. The adolescent in this state is committed to an identity but not as a result of their own searching or crisis.
Identity Moratorium – adolescent has acquired vague or ill-formed ideological and occupational commitments; he/she is still undergoing the identity search (crisis). They are beginning to commit to an identity but are still developing it.
Identity Diffusion – the state of having no clear idea of one's identity and making no attempt to find that identity. These adolescents may have struggled to find their identity, but they never resolved it, and they seem to have stopped trying. There is no commitment and no searching.
Identity Achievement – the state of having developed well-defined personal values and self-concepts. Their identities may be expanded and further defined in adulthood, but the basics are there. They are committed to an ideology and have a strong sense of ego identity.
Source: