1. Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings PowerPoint ® Lecture Slide Presentation prepared by Christine L. Case M I C R O B I O L O G Y a n i n t r o d u c t i o n ninth edition TORTORA  FUNKE  CASE Part A 4 Functional Anatomy of Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells

2. Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings  Comparing prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells  Prokaryote comes from the Greek words for prenucleus.  Eukaryote comes from the Greek words for true nucleus. Prokaryotic Cells

3. Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings ProkaryoteEukaryote  One circular chromosome, not in a membrane  No histones  No organelles  Peptidoglycan cell walls  Binary fission  Paired chromosomes, in nuclear membrane  Histones  Organelles  Polysaccharide cell walls  Mitotic spindle

4. Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Morphology  Coccus (pleural cocci means berries) are spherical shaped.  Bacillus (pleural bacilli, meaning little staffs) are rod shaped.  Coccobacilli are oval shaped rods that look very much like cocci.  Spirilla have a helical shape, like a corkscrew, and fairly rigid bodies.  Spirochetes are more tightly spiraled and are more flexible

5. Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings  Average size: 0.2 -1.0 µm  2 - 8 µm  Basic shapes: Figures 4.1a, 4.2a, 4.2d, 4.4b, 4.4c

6. Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Arrangements  Pairs: Diplococci, diplobacilli  Clusters: Staphylococci  Chains: Streptococci, streptobacilli Figures 4.1a, 4.1d, 4.2c

7. Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Flagella  Outside cell wall  Made of chains of flagellin  Anchored to the wall and membrane Figure 4.8a

8. Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Flagella Arrangement Figure 4.7

9. Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Endospores  Resting cells  Resistant to desiccation, heat, chemicals  Bacillus, Clostridium  Sporulation: Endospore formation  Germination: Return to vegetative state

10. Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 4.21b

11. Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Homework  Review: 1, 2, 3, 5