1. Chapter 8 Table of Contents Section 1 Chromosomes
Cell Reproduction
Table of Contents
Section 1 Chromosomes
Section 2 Cell Division
Section 3 Meiosis

2. Chapter 8 Objectives Section 1 Chromosomes
Describe the structure of a chromosome.
Identify the differences in structure between prokaryotic chromosomes and eukaryotic chromosomes.
Compare the numbers of chromosomes in different species.
Explain the differences between sex chromosomes and autosomes.
Distinguish between diploid and haploid cells.

3. Chapter 8 Chromosome Structure Chromosomes are
Section 1 Chromosomes
Chapter 8
Chromosome Structure
Chromosomes are
In eukaryotes, DNA wraps around proteins called _________________ to help maintain the compact structure of chromosomes.

4. Section 1 Chromosomes
Chapter 8
Chromosome Structure

5. Chromosome Structure, continued
Section 1 Chromosomes
Chapter 8
Chromosome Structure, continued
Chromosomes in _____________________ are
simpler in structure than chromosomes in
________________.

6. Chapter 8 Chromosome Numbers
Section 1 Chromosomes
Chapter 8
Chromosome Numbers
Each species has a characteristic number of chromosomes in each cell.

7. Chromosome Numbers of Various Organisms
Section 1 Chromosomes
Chapter 8
Chromosome Numbers of Various Organisms

8. Chromosome Numbers, continued
Section 1 Chromosomes
Chapter 8
Chromosome Numbers, continued
Sex Chromosomes and Autosomes
Sex chromosomes are
All of the other chromosomes in an organism are _______________________.

9. Chromosome Numbers, continued
Section 1 Chromosomes
Chapter 8
Chromosome Numbers, continued
Diploid and Haploid Cells
Cells having two sets of chromosomes are
_______________________.
_____________________ cells (1n) have only one set of chromosomes.

10. Chapter 8 Objectives Section 2 Cell Division
Describe the events of cell division in prokaryotes.
Name the two parts of the cell that are equally divided during cell division in eukaryotes.
Summarize the events of interphase.
Describe the stages of mitosis.
Compare cytokinesis in animal cells with cytokinesis in plant cells.
Explain how cell division is controlled.

11. Cell Division in Prokaryotes
Section 2 Cell Division
Chapter 8
Cell Division in Prokaryotes
Cell division is the

12. Cell Division in Prokaryotes, continued
Section 2 Cell Division
Chapter 8
Cell Division in Prokaryotes, continued
Binary fission is the process of cell division in prokaryotes.

13. Cell Division in Eukaryotes
Section 2 Cell Division
Chapter 8
Cell Division in Eukaryotes
Cell Cycle
The cell cycle is the
The cell cycle consists of ___________________
and _______________________.
Cell division in eukaryotes includes nuclear
division, called __________________, and the division of cytoplasm, called _________________.

14. Cell Division in Eukaryotes, continued
Section 2 Cell Division
Chapter 8
Cell Division in Eukaryotes, continued
Interphase
Interphase consists of

15. Chapter 8 Stages of Mitosis Mitosis is divided into stages:
Section 2 Cell Division
Chapter 8
Stages of Mitosis
Mitosis is divided into stages:
Mitosis results in

16. Stages of Mitosis Prophase – The nucleus and nuclear membrane
Centrisomes –
In animal cells these contain ________________.
These move toward opposite poles of the cell.

17. Stages of Mitosis
Spindle Fibers made of microtubles radiate from the centrosomes (mitotic spindle).
Two types of spindle fibers:
1. Kinetochore Fibers –
2. Polar Fibers –

18. Stages of Mitosis Metaphase –
Chromosomes are easier to identify during metaphase.
Karyotypes are typically made from chromosomes in metaphase.

19. Stages of Mitosis Anaphase –
After the chromatids are separated, they are considered individual chromosomes.

20. Stages of Mitosis Telophase – Spindle fibers disassemble.
Chromosomes uncoil to chromatin state.
Nuclear membrane and nucleolus reform in the newly forming cells.

21. Section 2 Cell Division
Chapter 8
Stages of Mitosis

22. Chapter 8 Cytokinesis During cytokinesis in animal cells, a
Section 2 Cell Division
Chapter 8
Cytokinesis
During cytokinesis in animal cells, a
___________________________ pinches in and eventually separates the dividing cell into two cells.
In plant cells, a ________________________ separates the dividing cell into two cells.

23. Control of Cell Division
Section 2 Cell Division
Chapter 8
Control of Cell Division
Cell division in eukaryotes is controlled by
Control occurs at

24. Control of Cell Division, continued
Section 2 Cell Division
Chapter 8
Control of Cell Division, continued
When Control is Lost: Cancer
Cancer may result if

25. Chapter 8 Objectives Section 3 Meiosis
Compare the end products of meiosis with those of mitosis.
Summarize the events of meiosis I.
Explain crossing-over and how it contributes to the production of unique individuals.
Summarize the events of meiosis II.
Compare spermatogenesis and oogenesis.
Define sexual reproduction.

26. Formation of Haploid Cells
Section 3 Meiosis
Chapter 8
Formation of Haploid Cells
Meiosis is a process of nuclear division that
Meiosis produces ____________________ gametes.

27. Formation of Haploid Cells, continued
Section 3 Meiosis
Chapter 8
Formation of Haploid Cells, continued
Meiosis is a process of nuclear division that reduces the number of chromosomes in new cells to half the number in the original cell.
Meiosis leads to

28. Chapter 8 Meiosis I Meiosis I includes
Section 3 Meiosis
Chapter 8
Meiosis I
Meiosis I includes
______________________________, which is when portions of homologous chromosomes exchange genetics material, occurs during prophase I and results in _________________________________.

29. Chapter 8 Meiosis II Meiosis II includes
Section 3 Meiosis
Chapter 8
Meiosis II
Meiosis II includes
Four new haploid cells result.

30. Section 3 Meiosis
Chapter 8
Stages of Meiosis

31. Stages of Meiosis, continued
Section 3 Meiosis
Chapter 8
Stages of Meiosis, continued

32. Development of Gametes
Section 3 Meiosis
Chapter 8
Development of Gametes
_____________________________ is the process by which sperm cells are produced.
_____________________________ is the process that produces mature egg cells.

33. Meiosis in Male and Female Animals
Section 3 Meiosis
Chapter 8
Meiosis in Male and Female Animals

34. Chapter 8 Sexual Reproduction
Section 3 Meiosis
Chapter 8
Sexual Reproduction
Sexual reproduction is the formation of offspring through
Offspring produced by sexual reproduction are

35. Cell Division in Prokaryotes
Section 2 Cell Division
Chapter 8
Cell Division in Prokaryotes