1. Vocabulary, “The Notorious Jumping Frog of Calaveras County”
Turn to page 575 in your textbook. Copy the definitions beginning with “garrulous” through “ornery.” Write SENTENCES with each vocabulary term. When you are finished, pre-read the story found on pg 581. Be prepared to take notes.

2. The Civil War & Expansion
The Age of Realism
The Civil War & Expansion

3. Transformative Years
Industrialization: ( ) America transforms from agricultural nation to industrial nation
North vs. South: Civil War Freedom or slavery?
North: Commerce
South: agriculture and cotton industry; sugar, rice, and tobacco
Controversy over slavery influence literature of the day

4. North Vs. South Anti-slavery (for the most part)
Transportation & Immigration
Industrial Revolution brought reform to the North
Slower-paced
Plantations
Institution of Slavery

5. Abraham Lincoln Represented newly formed Republican party
Dedicated to halting spread of slavery
President through the Civil War times
Assassinated in 1865

6. Expanding America Change occurred quickly after Civil War years
Physical expansion & industrialization transformed landscape, economy, society, and identity
Westward Expansion: Homestead Act of 1862: 160 acres to anyone who’d live and improve land over certain period
Half a million farmers, tens of thousands of emancipated African Americans, all went West
National Railroad System replace covered wagons

7. Changing Society
Electricity 1880s: triggered Second Industrial Revolution
Electricity replaced steam power
Electric lights, telephones, automobiles, motion pictures, phonographs
Advertising
City Life
Skyscrapers, department stores, mass transportation
Negative impacts: noise, traffic jams, air pollution, crime and slums

8. Wealth & Poverty
Population grew from 50 million to 76 million; 9 million immigrants over 20 year period
Millions of Americans left farms and small towns and moved to cities for work
Wages of workers were low
Child labor
Dark, unventilated apartments with no toilets; disease
Owners of big operations made fortunes
Mark Twain: “The Gilded Age”: representing veneer of glitter over something of poor quality

9. Literature of the Period
Theme of Discontentment
Women, African Americans, and workers agitated by changes in social, economic, and political status
Spirituals
Work songs, war songs, laments, lullabies, and funeral dirges
Abolitionist Narratives
Frederick Douglass: autobiography and indictment of slavery
Wartime Voices
Diaries, letters, journals, speeches during the war
Gettysburg Address

10. Realism & Naturalism Realism began after Civil War
Victory in War led to cost in human life and nation’s idealism
Young writers turned away from Romanticism
Writers focus on “real life” as ordinary people live it
Naturalism depicted people in real situations but believed forces larger than individual (nature, fate, heredity) shaped individual
Human Endurance
Saw industrialization as a force against which individuals were powerless

11. Mark Twain and America
Best known for The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn
Captured speech of everyday characters, as opposed to common, formal speech writers had used prior to him
Utilizes dialects and speech patterns for each of his characters
Work considered to be written in “American” English

12. Life on the River & The Traveling Man
Twain (given name Samuel Langhorne Clemens) felt tied to Mississippi River
Pen Name: Mark Twain meaning, “two fathoms deep.”
Printer’s apprentice until age of 21 because riverboat pilot
Civil War closed traffic on Mississippi River , Twain became a journalist/lecturer
The Notorious Jumping Frog of Calaveras County published in First big hit
Travelled throughout his lifetime
Wrote: Adventures of Huckleberry Finn and Tom Sawyer

13. Mark Twain
Mini Bio