1. Ch. 12 Parts of Speech Overview
Verbs, Adverbs, Prepositions, Conjunctions, Interjections

2. The Verb A word used to express action or a state of being
Helping or main
Action or linking
Transitive or intransitive

3. Helping and Main Verbs
Helping verb helps the main verb express action or a state of being
Main verb + helping verb = verb phrase
Helping Verbs
am be have do shall may can
is being has does will might could
are been had did should must
was would
were

4. Helping and Main Verbs Examples:
They are conducting the meeting at three o’clock.
She will be singing in the musical tomorrow evening.
The television has been turned off for the night.
The workers don’t agree with the company’s policy.

5. Action Verbs Expresses either physical or mental activity Examples:
Gloria Estefan sang the national anthem at the game
The baseball player hit over 352 homeruns in his career.

6. Linking Verbs appear grow seem stay become look smell taste feel
Connects the subject to a word or word group that identifies or describes the subject
Forms of Be: am, is, are, was, were, be, being, been
Other forms:
appear
grow
seem
stay
become
look
smell
taste
feel
remain
sound
turn

7. Linking Verbs Examples:
The policemen remained calm during the hostage situation.
Your football is in my backyard.
The kids felt happy after watching the funny movie.
The flowers grew rapidly under the warmth of the sun’s rays.

8. Transitive and Intransitive Verbs
Transitive – expresses an action directed toward a person, place, thing, or idea
Answers the question “what”
Intransitive – expresses action that is not directed toward a person, place, thing, or idea
Is usually followed by an adverb or prepositional phrase
Examples:
Joel ate some candy.
(transitive)
Joel ate quickly.
(intransitive)

9. The Adverb Modifies a verb, adjective, or another adverb.
Tells where, when, how, or to what extent (how much or how long)
Examples:
The dolphin swam nearby.
Yesterday, many boats crossed the harbor.
Maggie watched her baby brother carefully.
The teacher was very proud of his students.

10. Adverb or Adjective? Many adverbs end in “-ly” “quick” = adjective
“quickly” = adverb
Adjective ly = Adverb
loud ly = loudly
Examples:
The plane recently stopped to refuel.
I stood in line for nearly two hours.
Ex: The guests left very quickly.

11. The Preposition
Shows the relationship of a noun or pronoun, called the object of the preposition, to another word
Examples:
The box next to the table.
The box on the table.
The box under the table.
The box in front of the table. OP

12. More Examples The passengers climbed aboard the ship.
At the time, the children thought it wasn’t going to rain.
There are many fun stories in American folktales.
I ran toward the house in the pouring rain.

13. Adverb or Preposition? Examples: What is hiding outside?
What is hiding outside the door?
- preposition
Rachel turned the radio off.
The boat docked off the shore.

14. The Conjunction A word used to join words or groups
For
And
Nor
But Or So
Yet
Correlative conjunctions – pairs
both…and either…or neither…nor
whether…or not only…but also

15. Examples The physician moved quickly but carefully.
Tommy and Shay are going home.
I wanted to join the choir, but I had karate practice at the same time.
Both my sister and I wear contacts.
The winner received not only a large trophy but also a hundred dollars in cash.

16. The Interjection A word used to express emotion
Is followed by an exclamation point or comma.
Usually comes at the beginning of a sentence.
Examples
Ouch! That hurt.
Thanks, I really appreciate it.
Will you bring your books, please?
Eureka! I solved the riddle!