1. Microscopes Mrs. Schmidt 2013

2. The History of the Microscope
A microscope is an instrument for viewing objects that are too small to be seen easily by the naked eye.

3. The History of the Microscope
Circa 1000AD
The first vision aid was invented. It was called a reading stone. The inventor is unknown.
It was a beryl stone, crystal sphere that magnified images when placed on top or in front of an object or writing.

4. The History of the Microscope
Circa 1284AD
The first wearable eye glasses were invented somewhere in Italy. The inventor is unknown.
The lenses were made of quartz crystal and set in bone, metal, or leather.

5. The History of the Microscope
In 1590, two Dutch eye glass makers, Zaccharias Janssen and his son, Hans Janssen, experimented with multiple lenses placed in a tube. They observed that objects placed in front of the tube appeared greatly enlarged.
This tube was the forerunner of the compound microscope and the telescope.

6. The History of the Microscope
In 1665, English physicist, Robert Hooke, looked at a sliver of cork through a microscope lens and noticed some tiny boxes, or cells, in it.

7. The History of the Microscope
In 1674, Dutch tradesman, Anton van Leeuwenhoek, was the first person to use his handcrafted microscopes to observe and describe single celled organisms, which he originally referred to as animalcules, and which we now refer to as micro-organisms.

8. The History of the Microscope
The first modern stereomicroscope was invented in 1897 when an American designer named Horatio S. Greenough introduced his creation to the Carl Zeiss company.

9. The History of the Microscope
In 1931, Ernst Ruska and Max Knoll developed and constructed the first electron microscope.
There are two types of electron microscopes:
TEM or transmission electron microscopes.
SEM or scanning electron microscopes.
SEM image of an ant’s head.

10. The History of the Microscope
Amazing microscopic images!

11. Microscope Care Always carry with 2 hands
Only use lens paper for cleaning
Do not force knobs
Always store covered
Keep objects clear of desk and cords
Teacher demonstrates how to hold the microscope, where the lens paper is located and how to use it. Students will be invited to turn the knobs and observe the stage as it moves up and down. Teacher will demonstrate how to store the microscope.

12. Microscope Parts Eyepiece Inclined Head Revolving Nosepiece Arm
Objectives
Stage Clips
Diaphragm
Illuminator
Arm
Stage
Coarse Focus
This is the exact version of the microscope used in class. Students will be identifying the parts on the microscopes at their desks as we go along and what their functions are.
Fine Focus
Base

13. Microscope Parts Type of Objective Band Color Magnification
1. Scanning Red 40x
2. Low Power Yellow 100x
3. High Power Blue 400x
This is the exact version of the microscope used in class. Students will be identifying the parts on the microscopes at their desks as we go along and what their functions are.

14. Microscope Functions
1. Eyepiece - the lens you look through, magnifies 10x
2. Inclined head - rotates, allowing two people to use the microscope
3. Arm - used for carrying purposes
4. Revolving nosepiece - device that rotates the objectives and holds lenses
5. Objectives - hold lenses that magnify image
6. Stage clips - holds specimen slide in place

15. Functions Cont. 7. Stage - surface that holds slide or specimen
8. Disc diaphragm - controls the amount of light that passes through
9. Illuminator - light source
10. Course focus knob - control used during initial focusing
11. Fine focus knob - control used to bring specimen into sharp focus
12. Base- supports the microscope

16. Using the Microscope Place a Slide on the Microscope
Use Stage Clips to secure slide
Click Nosepiece to the scanning power (red band objective)
Look into the Eyepiece
Use the Coarse Focus (image may be small)
Give students a slide from the “common things” set, each student will practice focusing and changing objectives.

17. Using Low Power
Once you have the image focused with scanning objective, switch to low power
Click Nosepiece to low power (yellow band objective)
Look into the eyepiece
Use Coarse Knob to refocus again
Give students a slide from the “common things” set, each student will practice focusing and changing objectives.

18. Using High Power
One you have the image focused with low power, switch to high power
Click the nosepiece to high power (blue band objective)
Do NOT use the Coarse Focusing Knob
Use the Fine Focus Knob to bring the slide into focus
Have students exchange slides so they can look at different things, walk them through using the high power objective to focus slides. Emphasize not using the coarse objective during this process, as it will crack the slides.
What can you find on your slide?

19. Drawing Specimens Use pencil - you can erase and shade areas
All drawings
should include clear and proper labels
should be labeled with the specimen name and magnification
Labels should be written on outside of circle.
Specimens should be drawn to scale

20. Drawing Specimens Example: Tips Use a ruler to draw your label lines
Label lines should point to the center of structure being labeled
Do not write on or cross label lines