1. Lighting and Wiring Services

2. Vocabulary Fusible link 11. open circuit
Primary wire short circuit
Secondary wire short to ground.
Cable
AWG
Filament
Type 1 headlamp
Halogen headlamp
Bulb trade #
Signal flasher

3. Electric Symbols Are used on a schematic to describe an electrical Circuit .

4. Know these Elec symbols:
Battery Transistor
Switch Relay
Fuse Resistor
Light bulb coil
Ground Motor
Connecter
Diode

5. Electric Symbols :

6. Electrical Symbols

7. Schematic – Road map of an electrical circuit using electrical symbols.

8. Power window schematic

9. Wires have color codes & circuit numbers

10. American Wire Gauge
AWG    OHMS PER        WIRE    Wire Dia Amps SIZE       1000 FT.      DIAMETER  in MM ’
 2              .1563           8              .6281                       .9987                     1.588                       2.524                       4.018                       6.386           

11. Fuses Fuses act as a current limiter.
They protect a circuit from to much amperage.
Each fuse has a specific Amperage rating that the conductor will melt at.

12. European & older Domestic glass fuses

13. Modern - macro, mini & micro fuses

14. Fuses Always check suspect fuses with an ohm meter or test light.
Checking by “eye” is not sufficient.

15. Fuseable links

16. A fuse puller is helpful when removing fuses.

17. Circuit Breakers & flashers use Bi Metallic strips
Heat affects Bi metal strip and opens or closes switch.

18. SolderlessTerminals Repairing wiring ends
Color coded with different size crimping tabs from 22 Gauge to 10 Gauge.
Yellow = 10 – 12G
Blue = 14 – 16G
Red = 18 – 22G

19. Crimping Tool
Special tool that can be used to strip wire & crimp terminals.
When wire end is poorly crimped it can create excessive resistance and lead to early failure of the circuit.

20. Crimping
Crimping an open type connector end.

21. Soldering
A wire terminal can be soldered to the wire to make a professional connection.

22. Tinning a Wire
After the wire is stripped, tin a wire by heating it and applying solder before attempting to solder the terminal to it.
Solder is 60% lead & 40% tin.

23. Joining Two Wires (splicing)

24. Manufacture approved wire splice & solder
Correct – finished wire splice.

25. Heat shrink tube
Heat shrink tubing is used to insulate the finished solder joint.
Make sure to put tube over wire before you solder.
Sharp points in solder joint should be avoided.

26. Adjusting head lights
Head lights can be adjusted with 2 adjusting screws at head light mounts.
Head Light aiming equipment is preferred, but aiming can be done manually against a garage door using a tape measure.

27. Halogen Bulbs Many modern cars use Halogen head light bulbs
Never touch the bulb with your fingers or hands during installation.
Bulb holder turns ¼ of turn to lock.

28. Brake, tail & marker lights
Brake , tail, & marker lights can be tested & changed.
Most bulbs have a socket that holds the bulb & indexes with the light body.
Sockets are a common source of poor connections.

29. Dual filament bulb

30. Testing a light bulb Use an Ohm meter to test light bulbs.
An open in the tiny light filament will be very hard to see.
The # on the bulb socket will be needed when trying buy a new bulb.

31. A 12 volt – non powered test light is a really helpful tool when doing wiring or lighting work on your car.

32. Good luck on you Test!