1. Biodiversity and Classification

2. What are the 6 Kingdoms? Archaebacteria Eubacteria Protists Fungi
Plants
Animals

3. We are looking at the first two
Archaebacteria
Eubacteria

4. Smallest and simplest lifeforms
Unicellular (one-celled)
no nucleus

5. Classification of Bacteria
Archaebacteria: extremists
Eubacteria:
Heterotrophs
Photosynthetic autotrophs
Chemosynthetic autotrophs

6. Archaebacteria Live in extreme locations: Oxygen-free environments
Concentrated salt-water
Hot, acidic water

7. Eubacteria - Heterotrophs
Found everywhere
Parasites: live off of other organisms
Saprobes: live off of dead organisms or waste (recyclers)

8. Eubacteria: Photosynthetic Autotrophs
Photosynthetic: make their own food from light
Cyanobacteria: blue-green, yellow, or red
ponds, streams, moist areas

9. Eubacteria: Chemosynthetic Autotrophs
Get energy by breaking down inorganic substances like sulfur and nitrogen
Make nitrogen in the air usable for plants

10. Kingdom Protista(“Protists”)
Single-celled or multicellular
more complex than organisms in Kingdom Monera
nucleus
protozoans (animal-like)
algae (plant-like)

11. Protozoans Kingdom Protista no cell wall or chlorophyll
internal digestion
no locomotion (some)

12. Algae Cell walls Chlorophyll Photosynthetic
Placed in groups according to color and structure

13. Kingdom Fungi Multicellular; complex cell walls, no chlorophyll
Threadlike fungi (bread mold)
club fungi (mushrooms)
sac fungi (yeast and mildew)

14. Kingdom Plantae Multicellular, cell walls, and chlorophyll
Largest and longest-living things on Earth
Vascular or Nonvascular

15. Nonvascular Plants CANNOT conduct water Example: Moss
Moist environment

16. Vascular Plants CAN conduct water Capable of living in drier areas
Club mosses, Ferns, Horsetails, Gymnosperms, and Angiosperms

17. Gymnosperms
Seed plant
name means “naked seed”
Most are conifers

18. Angiosperms -Flowering Plants
Seed plant
name means “covered seed”
Seeds are produced inside ovaries
A ripened ovary is a fruit
largest/most diverse plants

19. Sponges (invertebrate)
Simplest of the animal groups
lives in salt water attached to the bottom
Hollow central cavity
Two layers of body cells with tiny pores

20. Coelenterates (invertebrate)
Jellyfish, hydras, and corals
two cell layers
Live in water
hollow body with a single opening

21. Flatworms (invertebrate)
Flattened body; mostly parasitic
one body opening
two eyespots (light detection)
Turbellarians (free-living)
Planarians (freshwater Turbellarians)

22. Roundworms (invertebrate)
Rounded shaped
two body openings (eating and waste expulsion)
mostly free-living
Ex: Nematodes and hookworms

23. Segmented Worms (invertebrate)
Rounded, segmented bodies
two body openings
has five hearts and a brain
Ex: leeches and marine tube worms

24. Mollusks (invertebrate)
Soft-bodies, no shell: (octopus/squid)
well-developed organs
some with shells: (clams/oysters)

25. Arthropods (invertebrate)
Largest group of animals
multiple body segments
jointed appendages (legs/arms)
exoskeleton (hard outer covering)

26. Arthropods (continued)
Well-developed organs
insects, lobsters, crabs, and spiders

27. Echinoderms (invertebrate)
Spiny skinned animals
star fish (sea stars), sand dollars, sea cucumbers
flexible arms; tube feet
known for regeneration (ability to grow new body parts)

28. Vertebrates Have backbones body with a head and most have appendages
endoskeleton (internal skeleton for support/protection)

29. Vertebrates (continued)
Endotherm (warm- blooded); these organisms can control their body temperature from within despite changes in the environment

30. Vertebrates (continued)
Ectotherm (cold-blooded); body temperature changes with the environment

31. Jawless fishes Ex: Sea lamprey
mouth is used for sucking fluids; no appendages (fins)
flexible skeleton made of cartilage
ectotherms

32. Cartilaginous Fishes Two pairs of fins; gills ectotherms
strong teeth (sharks)
SKELETON MADE OF CARTILAGE
stingrays, skates, sharks

33. Bony fishes Flounder, eels, trout, and others SKELETON MADE OF BONE
gills
streamlined bodies (narrow shape)
most numerous group of fish

34. Amphibians Frogs, toads, salamanders
part of their life is spent on land and part of life is spent in the water; (ectotherms)
smooth, moist skin
gills when they are young and have lungs as adults

35. Reptiles Adapted to live on land (terrestrial) breathe with lungs
body covered with plates or scales
ectotherms

36. Reptiles
Dinosaurs
Turtles, snakes, lizards, crocodiles, and alligators
lay eggs in a leathery shell

37. Birds Bodies adapted for flight (light, bones, feathers, and wings)
Scaly legs and feet
lay eggs in a hard shell
endotherms

38. Mammals Advanced nervous system; highly developed brain Endotherms
Hairy bodies
can occupy several habitats
give birth to live young; produce milk mammary glands

39. Homework Study for Quiz #6 – Biodiversity and Classification
Read Chps. 17 & 19 Pgs. 418 – 439, 466 – 489,
“Trafficking in Kidneys” Pgs. 436 – 437,
“Denying AIDS” Pg. 486