1. About me… Lecturer: Asst. Prof. Dr. Göknur Cambaz Büke
address:
Tel:1396
Office: M3-Z04
About me…
Objective of this course is to introduce you to the fundamental concepts in Materials Science and Engineering…
Achieve this goal by explaining the structure of materials, then by investigating the structure-property relationship we will venture into how structure impacts materials properties, and finally we will go over the processes used to optimize the structure of materials used to attain desired properties…
At the end of this course, the expectation is that you will learn how to choose and use right materials for the right application. Furthermore, by expanding your knowledge about materials properties, you can realize new design opportunities with materials…
B.S.: Met. and Materials Engineering, METU
M.S.: Met. and Materials Engineering, METU
Ph.D.: Materials Science and Engineering -Nanotechnology Institute, Drexel University, Philadelphia, USA

2. Course Objectives
Basic principles of chemistry, physics and show how they apply in describing the behavior of the solid state
Understand the types of materials
The relationship between electronic structure, chemical bonding, and crystal structure
The relationships between the structural elements of materials and their properties
Introducing many electrical, optical and magnetic phenomena and their applications in today’s technology

3. Course Material
Callister, Materials Science and Engineering – An Introduction, John Wiley & Sons 2007
Donald A. Neamen, An Introduction to Semiconductor Devices
Ben G. Streetman, Solid State Electronic Devices, Prentice Hall

4. LECTURES PLEASE BE ON TIME Activities: • Present new material
• Announce reading and homework
• Take quizzes and midterms*
*Make-ups given only for emergencies.
*Discuss potential conflicts beforehand. b

5. Contact me for other special arrangements!
OFFICE HOURS
10:00-12:00 Thursday
Contact me for other special arrangements!
Activities:
• Discuss homework, quizzes, exams
• Discuss lectures, book
• Pick up missed handouts
• Any materials science related discussions e

6. COURSE MATERIAL Required text: Online Material:
• Materials Science and Engineering: An Introduction
W.D. Callister, Jr., 8th edition, John Wiley and Sons, Inc. (2007).
Other useful references:
Donald A. Neamen, An Introduction to Semiconductor Devices
Ben G. Streetman, Solid State Electronic Devices, Prentice Hall
Online Material:
Web site : Reference material:
Presentations, links, papers, course-work
HW questions f

7. GRADING Attendance and participation to in-class discussions 10%
Homework/Presentations/Project %
In-lecture quizzes %
Midterm # %
Final 30% g

8. Introduction What is materials science? Why should we know about it?
Materials drive our society
Stone Age
Bronze Age
Iron Age
Now?
Silicon Age?
Polymer Age?
Nano Age?

9. Four Elements of Materials Science
Material trait in terms of the kind and magnitude of response to a specific imposed stimulus.
Arrangement of its internal components

10. Structure, Processing, & Properties
• Properties depend on structure
ex: hardness vs structure of steel
(d)
30 mm 6 00 5 00
(c)
4 mm
Data obtained from Figs (a)
and with 4 wt% C composition,
and from Fig and associated
discussion, Callister & Rethwisch 8e.
Micrographs adapted from (a) Fig.
10.19; (b) Fig. 9.30;(c) Fig ;
and (d) Fig , Callister & Rethwisch 8e. 4 00
(b)
30 mm
(a)
30 mm
Hardness (BHN) 3 00 2 00
100
0.01
0.1 1 10
100
1000
Cooling Rate (ºC/s)
• Processing can change structure
ex: structure vs cooling rate of steel

11. Concept Map

12. THE TRASHCAN I: THE CAN Concept Map Metal Inorganic Crystalline
Synthetic

13. THE TRASHCAN II: THE RUST
Concept Map
Non-Metal
Inorganic
Crystalline
Naturally Occurring
Mineral
Crystalline Ceramic

14. THE TRASHCAN III: THE LINER
Concept Map
Non-Metal
Organic
Amorphous
Synthetic
Polymer

15. Types of Materials Metals:
Strong, ductile
High thermal & electrical conductivity
Opaque, reflective.
Polymers/plastics: Covalent bonding  sharing of e’s
Soft, ductile, low strength, low density
Thermal & electrical insulators
Optically translucent or transparent.
Metals have high thermal & electrical conductivity because valence electrons are free to roam
Ceramics: ionic bonding (refractory) – compounds of metallic & non-metallic elements (oxides, carbides, nitrides, sulfides)
Brittle, glassy, elastic
Non-conducting (insulators)

16. ENGINEERED MATERIALS
ALLOYS
COMPOSITES

17. SEMICONDUCTORS
Solar Cells
OLED
Technology

18. Nanotechnology Definition
The art and science of building stuff that does
stuff at the nanometer scale.
R. Smalley, Rice University
Nobel Prize Winner
Comprised of “nanostructures” or “nanomaterials” that possess at least one dimension that measures approximately less than 100nm AND exhibit novel properties.

19. Size Comparisons
The diameter of your hair is approximately 50, ,000 nanometers
Your finger nail grows 1 nanometer in 1 second
A line of ten hydrogen atoms lined up side by side is 1 nanometer long

20. SOME CURRENT APPLICATIONS OF NANOTECHNOLOGY20

21. SOLAR CELLS Nanotechnology enhancements provide:
Improved efficiencies: novel nanomaterials can harness more of the sun’s energy
Lower costs: some novel nanomaterials can be made cheaper than alternatives
Flexibility: thin film flexible polymers can be manipulated to generate electricity from the sun’s energy

22. COMPUTING Nanotechnology enhancements provide:
Faster processing speeds: miniaturization allows more transistors to be packed on a computer chip
More memory: nanosized features on memory chips allow more information to be stored
Thermal management solutions for electronics: novel carbon- based nanomaterials carry away heat generated by sensitive electronics

23. CLOTHING Nanotechnology enhancements provide:
Anti-odor properties: silver nanoparticles embedded in textiles kill odor causing bacteria
Stain-resistance: nanofiber coatings on textiles stop liquids from penetrating
Moisture control: novel nanomaterials on fabrics absorb perspiration and wick it away
UV protection: titanium nanoparticles embedded in textiles inhibit UV rays from penetrating through fabric

24. BATTERIES Nanotechnology enhancements provide:
Higher energy storage capacity and quicker recharge: nanoparticles or nanotubes on electrodes provide high surface area and allow more current to flow
Longer life: nanoparticles on electrodes prevent electrolytes from degrading so batteries can be recharged over and over
A safer alternative: novel nano- enhanced electrodes can be less flammable, costly and toxic than conventional electrodes

25. SPORTING GOODS AND EQUIPMENT
Nanotechnology enhancements provide:
Increased strength of materials: novel carbon nanofiber or nanotube-based nanocomposites give the player a stronger swing
Lighter weight materials: nanocomposites are typically lighter weight than their macroscale counterparts

26. CARS Nanotechnology enhancements provide:
Increased strength of materials: novel carbon nanofiber or nanotube nanocomposites are used in car bumpers, cargo liners and as step-assists for vans
Lighter weight materials: lightweight nanocomposites mean less fuel is used to make the car go
Control of surface characteristics: nanoscale thin films can be applied for optical control of glass, water repellency of windshields and to repair of nicks/scratches

27. FOOD AND BEVERAGE Nanotechnology enhancements provide:
Better, more environmentally friendly adhesives for fast food containers
Anti-bacterial properties: Nano silver coatings on kitchen tools and counter- tops kill bacteria/microbes
Improved barrier properties for carbonated beverages or packaged foods: nanocomposites slow down the flow of gas or water vapor across the container, increasing shelf life

28. THE ENVIRONMENT Nanotechnology enhancements provide:
Improved ability to capture groundwater contaminants: nanoparticles with high surface area are injected into groundwater to bond with contaminants
Replacements for toxic materials

29. SOME FUTURE APPLICATIONS OF NANOTECHNOLOGY29

30. BODY ARMOR Nanotechnology enhancements will provide:
Stronger materials for better protection: nanocomposites that provide unparalleled strength and impact resistance
Flexible materials for more form-fitting wearability: nanoparticle-based materials that act like “liquid armor”
Lighter weight materials: nanomaterials typically weigh less than their macroscale counterparts
Dynamic control: nanofibers that can be flexed as necessary to provide CPR to soldiers or stiffen to furnish additional protection in the face of danger

31. DRUG DELIVERY Nanotechnology enhancements will provide:
New vehicles for delivery: nanoparticles such as buckyballs or other cage-like structures that carry drugs through the body
Targeted delivery: nano vehicles that deliver drugs to specific locations in body
Time release: nanostructured material that store medicine in nanosized pockets that release small amounts of drugs over time

32. CANCER Nanotechnology enhancements will provide:
Earlier detection: specialized nanoparticles that target cancer cells only – these nanoparticles can be easily imaged to find small tumors
Improved treatments: infrared light that shines on the body is absorbed by the specialized nanoparticles in the cancer cells only, leading to an increased localized temperature that selectively kills the cancer cells but leaves normal cells unharmed

33. SENSORS Nanotechnology enhancements will provide:
Higher sensitivity: high surface area of nanostructures that allows for easier detection of chemicals, biological toxins, radiation, disease, etc.
Miniaturization: nanoscale fabrication methods that can be used to make smaller sensors that can be hidden and integrated into various objects

34. NEXT GENERATION COMPUTING
Nanotechnology enhancements will provide:
The ability to control atomic scale phenomena: quantum or molecular phenomena that can be used to represent data
Faster processing speeds
Lighter weight and miniaturized computers
Increased memory
Lower energy consumption

35. NANOROBOTICS Nanotechnology enhancements will provide:
Miniaturized fabrication of complex nanoscale systems: nanorobots that propel through the body and detect/ cure disease or clandestinely enter enemy territory for a specific task
Manipulation of tools at very small scales: nanorobots that help doctors perform sensitive surgeries

36. WATER PURIFICATION Nanotechnology enhancements will provide:
Easier contamination removal: filters made of nanofibers that can remove small contaminants
Improved desalination methods: nanoparticle or nanotube membranes that allow only pure water to pass through
Lower costs
Lower energy use

37. MORE ENERGY/ENVIRONMENT APPLICATIONS…
Nanotechnology enhancements will provide:
Improvements to solar cells
Improvements to batteries
Improvements to fuel cells
Improvements to hydrogen storage
CO2 emission reduction: nanomaterials that do a better job removing CO2 from power plant exhaust
Stronger, more efficient power transmission cables: synthesized with nanomaterials