1. Alternative equilibria and resilience in Arctic aquatic systems Arctic Frontiers ATP 2011 Tromsø Primicerio R, Amundsen P-A, Aschan M, Knudsen R, Planque B, Varpe Ø BarEcoReATP

2. Alternative equilibria in the Arctic Outline Bistability and resilience Mechanisms of bistability Managing metastable systems

3. Bistability and resilience Alternative equilibria in Arctic aquatic systems Management challenges of tipping points Alternative equilibria in the Arctic

4. Bistability and resilience Alternative equilibria in Arctic aquatic systems Management challenges of tipping points Lake Takvatn 2009 TREE Alternative equilibria in the Arctic

5. Bistability and resilience Lake Takvatn Culling experiment - removed 31 tons (660000 individuals) of Arctic charr in the period 1984 to 1989 Alternative equilibria in the Arctic 2007 Science

6. Bistability and resilience Lake Takvatn Alternative equilibria in the Arctic

7. Bistability and resilience Lake Takvatn Alternative equilibria in the Arctic Tipping point

8. Bistability and resilience Lake Takvatn Alternative equilibria in the Arctic Tipping point

9. Mechanisms of bistability Lake Takvatn Alternative equilibria in the Arctic

10. Mechanisms of bistability Lake Takvatn Alternative equilibria in the Arctic

11. Mechanisms of bistability Lake Takvatn Alternative equilibria in the Arctic Tipping point

12. Mechanisms of bistability Lake Takvatn Alternative equilibria in the Arctic Tipping point

13. Mechanisms of bistability Lake Takvatn Juveniles Adults Alternative equilibria in the Arctic

14. Mechanisms of bistability Lake Takvatn Alternative equilibria in the Arctic

15. Mechanisms of bistability Lake Takvatn Alternative equilibria in the Arctic

16. Mechanisms of bistability Lake Takvatn Alternative equilibria in the Arctic

17. Mechanisms of bistability Lake Takvatn Alternative equilibria in the Arctic

18. Mechanisms of bistability Lake Takvatn Alternative equilibria in the Arctic

19. Mechanisms of bistability Lake Takvatn Alternative equilibria in the Arctic

20. Mechanisms of bistability Lake Takvatn Alternative equilibria in the Arctic

21. Mechanisms of bistability Emergent Allee effect Alternative equilibria in the Arctic

22. Mechanisms of bistability Lake Takvatn Alternative equilibria in the Arctic

23. Bistability and resilience Regime shifts – variable vs parameter change Resilience – ecological vs engineering

24. Fishing induced evolution in salmonids Maturation schedules Arctic charr in Lake Takvatn Fish removal Suspended harvest