1. Satellite Imagery and Remote Sensing NC Climate Fellows June 2012 DeeDee Whitaker SW Guilford High Earth/Environmental Science & Chemistry

2. Outline  What is remote sensing?  What role does the electromagnetic spectrum play in satellite imagery?  How does remote sensing work?  How can satellite imagery be applied to climate change?

3. Applicable NC Essential Standards Earth Environmental Science -1.1.3, 1.1.4, 2.2.3, 2.2.1, 2.5.1, 2.5.2, 2.5.3, 2.6.3, 2.8.3 Biology- 2.1.4, 2.2.1, 2.2.2, 4.2.1 Physical Science- 3.2.1 Physics- 2.2 Middle School Science- 6.P.1, 6.P.3, 6.E.2, 6.L.2, 7.E.1, 8.P.2, 8.E.1, 8.E.2

4.  Identifying, observing, and measuring an object without coming into direct contact with it (NASA) What is remote sensing?

5. So many satellites and sensors According to NASA-there are about 3000 satellites operating in Earth orbit in 2012.

6. US Satellite Orbits Constellation

7. AA What role does the electromagnetic spectrum play in satellite imagery? Visible Light

8. Differences Among Infrared Regions Near IR- (0.7 - 1)microns 740- (3000-5200 K) Earth’s surface and above Mid IR 5 to (25-40) microns (92.5-140) to 740 K only above the atmosphere Far IR (25-40) to (200-350) microns (10.6-18.5) to (92.5-140) K only above the atmosphere

9.  Satellite imagery is a special case of photography.  Radiation bands in the electromagnetic spectrum that are reflected from the Earth’s surface back into space can be collected by satellite sensors and stored digitally.  The most common electromagnetic bands used in satellite imagery are visible light, near infrared radiation (NIR), and infrared radiation (IR). Satellite Imagery-Remote Sensing

10. Electromagnetic Spectrum and Satellite Sensors Different types of earth viewing satellite sensors operate in different portions of the electromagnetic spectrum. © DLR-DFD, 1996

11. http://marine.rutgers.edu/mrs/education/class/yuri/erb.html

12. R e f l e c t a n c e http://accessscience.com/search.aspx?rootID=796762

13. Examples of Satellite Imagery NASA and Google Earth

14. Visible and Near IR Comparisons

15.  What different types of information do IR and visible wavelengths supply?

16. Differences between ground IR data, aerial data, and satellite data?  Ease of data collection  Data extent, records  Spatial Resolution  Temporal Resolution  Spectral Resolution

17. Tradeoffs in Sensor Design To increase the signal to noise ratio, we can :   Field of View   Dwell time   Width of spectral bands How do these changes affect the different resolutions?

18. Landsat 7 Program  Temporal: 16 days  Spectral: 4-8 bands  Spatial: 30 m  http://earthobservatory. nasa.gov/Features/Land sat/  Land cover and land cover change

19. MODIS ( on 2 satellites, Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer)  Temporal: Daily  Spectral: 36 bands  Spatial: 250-1000 m  http://modis.gsfc.nasa.gov/about  Global land cover and ocean RS  Fire monitoring

20. IKONOS- commercial  Temporal: On Demand  Spectral: 4 bands, panchromatic  Spatial: 1-4 m  Local land cover  http://www.satimagingcorp.com/gallery- ikonos.html

21. JASON (Active)  Temporal: 10 days  Spectral: NA (Active)  Spatial: ~ 2 km  http://ilrs.gsfc.nasa.gov/satellite_missions/list_of_sate llites/jas2_general.html  Sea level

22. Sensor Platforms  Pigeons, Planes, and Satellites Pigeons, planes, and satellites

23. How might scientists use IR data to study the earth’s surface? Kohrs, Infrared Image

24. How can satellite imagery be applied to climate change?  Weather forecasting  Storm tracking  Ocean temperature monitoring  Sea level changes  Large scale land mass changes

25. Aerial Photography  Works on the same principles as satellite imagery  Altitude is less giving better resolution and more details.  Used for change analysis, planning, natural resource management, and land use identification.

26. Student Activities  Spectral Analysis-inquiry exploration  Satellite Imagery-internet  NC OneMap-data and imagery  http://www.nconemap.com/  National Map-data and imagery  http://nationalmap.gov/viewer.html

27. Summary  Remote sensing allows us to observe and monitor the earth surface  Features on the ground can be interpreted using spectral information  Satellites have wide range of purposes