1. Carbonaceous Adsorbents: Design, Fabrication and Application in Water Treatment
Lunhong Ai
Chemical Synthesis and Pollution Control Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China West Normal University

2. Contaminated Rivers and Lakers2

3. Water treatment methods
biological treatment
coagulation/flocculation
ion exchange
Water Treatment
membrane filtration
adsorption
advanced oxidation technology

4. Available adsorbents Carbonaceous materials Nanomaterials Biomass
Functional polymer
Biomass
Adsorbent
Clay
Carbonaceous materials
Nanomaterials
Zeolites
Available adsorbents

5. Carbonaceous materials for water treatment

6. L. Ai et al. / Chemical Engineering Journal 156 (2010) 243–249
1. Fabrication of activated carbon/CoFe2O4 composites and their application in water treatment
(c)
XRD
SEM
TEM
AC/CFO
CFO
magnetic separation
texture property
(d)
Samples
BET-surface area (m2 g-1)
Total pore volume (cm3 g-1) AC
909
0.47
AC/CFO
463
0.18
L. Ai et al. / Chemical Engineering Journal 156 (2010) 243–249

7. Removal of malachite green (MG)
Effect of pH
Effect of initial concentration
regeneration
Effect of contact time

8. 2. Adsorption mechanism of methyl orange (MO) and basic fuchsin (BF) on AC/CFO
L. Ai, et. al. / Desalination 262 (2010) 134–140

9. adsorption kinetics
Adsorption kinetics
pseudo-first-order model
pseudo-second-order model
Elovich model
※ adsorption kinetics was best described by the pseudo-second-order model

10. Table 1 Kinetic parameters for adsorption of dyes on AC/CFO
adsorption kinetics
Table 1 Kinetic parameters for adsorption of dyes on AC/CFO
Dye
Pseudo-first-order
Pseudo-second-order
Elovich
qe,exp
(mg g-1) k1
(min-1)
qe,cal R2 k2
(g mg-1 min-1) a b BF
49.88
0.067
6.83
0.9816
0.022
50.53 1
2.241
41.167
0.9624 MO
47.31
0.084
7.15
0.9372
0.026
47.94
0.9999
1.886
39.979
0.9531

11. Adsorption mechanisms
intraparticle diffusion
intraparticle diffusion
surface adsorption
surface adsorption
intraparticle diffusion model
※ the adsorption process was controlled by surface adsorption (boundary-layer effect) and intraparticle diffusion.

12. adsorption mechanisms
Boyd kinetic model was generally used to determine the actual rate-controlling step involved in the dye adsorption process.
Boyd model
※ boundary-layer effect mainly governed the rate-limiting process of dye adsorption on AC/CFO

13. adsorption isotherms
Adsorption isotherms
Langmuir and Freundlich models
※ Dye adsorption behaviors onto AC/CFO could be better represented by the Langmuir model (R2 > 0.99)
※ Monolayer adsorption capacities of MO and BF determined from the Langmuir isotherm are 95.8 and mg g−1, respectively

14. adsorption isotherms
Dubinin-Radushkevich (D-R) model
For D-R model, the magnitude of E(mean fren energy) is useful for estimating the type of adsorption and if this value is between 8 and 16 kJ mol−1, the adsorption proceeds by surface adsorption.
In this study, the E values for MO and BF are calculated to be and kJ mol−1.

15. Adsorption capacity (mg g-1) BF AC/CFO (in this study) 101.01
Table 3. Comparison of BF and MO adsorption capacities of various adsorbents
Dye
Adsorbents
Adsorption capacity (mg g-1) BF
AC/CFO (in this study)
101.01
Bottom ash
6.39
Deoiled soya
12.03
Jalshakti®
11.7
Industrial sludges
70.4 MO
95.78
Hypercrosslinked polymeric adsorbent
70.922
Banana peels 21
Orange peels
20.5
Activated Carbon
9.49
Modified sporopollenin
5.23
NH3+-MCM-41
366.57

16. Acknowledgement
Financial support from the Chemical Synthesis and Pollution Control Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province and Scientific Research Start-up Foundation of China West Normal University (07B005).

17. Merry Christmas