1. Unit 2: All Biology is Chemistry
Biology Class Notes - October 3, 2006
Unit 2: All Biology is Chemistry
Lesson 1: The Chemistry of Life

2. Biology Class Notes - October 3, 2006
Drill 6 October 2011
What are little boys made of? “Snips and snails, and puppy dogs tails That's what little boys are made of !" What are little girls made of? "Sugar and spice and all things nice That's what little girls are made of!“
19th century Mother Goose Rhyme
Benjamin
What substances are you really made of? Make a list.

3. Biology Class Notes - October 3, 2006
Objectives
At the conclusion of this lesson students will be able to:
Define the term matter.
Identify the 25 most common elements in living things and categorize them into major and trace groupings.
Demonstrate how to find information about elements by using the periodic table.

4. Biology Class Notes - October 3, 2006
Matter!
Matter is anything that occupies space and has mass.
Will this astronaut occupy the same space on the moon as he does on Earth?
Will this astronaut weigh the same on the moon as he does on the Earth?
Mass and weight are not the same.
Obj. 1

5. Biology Class Notes - October 3, 2006
Living Things Matter!
All living things are made of matter.
Elements are substances that cannot be broken down chemically into simpler kinds of matter.
Can you give some examples of elements?

6. Biology Class Notes - October 3, 2006
The Periodic Table
Atomic Number 6 C
12.011
Chemical Symbol
Atomic Mass

7. Biology Class Notes - October 3, 2006
Majorly Elemental!
There are about 25 elements that are essential to all life.
To discover them do the following:
Mr. Bromwell will give you a sheet listing the chemical symbols of the 25 elements essential to all life.
First look up the names of each of the elements in the periodic table.
Next, decide which elements belong to the eleven major elements in the human body. Then in the space provided, place the names of these elements in order from most abundant to least abundant in the body.
When you have finished place your answers on the chalkboard.

8. The Elemental Body -- The Major Elements
Biology Class Notes - October 3, 2006
The Elemental Body -- The Major Elements
A major element is any element that makes up more than 0.01% of your body mass.
Rank
Chemical Symbol
Element
% of human body* 1 O
Oxygen
62 % 2 C
Carbon
23 % 3 H
Hydrogen
10 % 4 N
Nitrogen
2.6 % 5 Ca
Calcium
1.4 % 6 P
Phosphorus
1.1 % 7 K
Potassium
0.2 % 8 S
Sulfur 9 Na
Sodium
0.1% 10 Cl
Chlorine
0.1 % 11 Mg
Magnesium
0.02 %
Obj. 2
* Based on an average 70 kg (154 lbs.) person

9. The Elemental Body -- The Trace Elements
Biology Class Notes - October 3, 2006
The Elemental Body -- The Trace Elements
A trace element is any element that makes up less than 0.01% of your body mass, but is still critical to your health.
Rank
Chemical Symbol
Element 12 Fe
Iron 13 F
Fluorine 14 Zn
Zinc 15 Si
Silicon 16 Cu
Copper 17 I
Iodine 18 Sn
Tin
Rank
Chemical Symbol
Element 19 B
Boron 20 Se
Selenium 21 Cr
Chromium 22 Mn
Manganese 23 Mo
Molybdenum 24 Co
Cobalt 25 V
Vanadium

10. Biology Class Notes - October 3, 2006
Homework
Time to Research
Research one of the trace elements from the previous table. Answer the following questions in a paragraph:
What materials or chemicals in the body contain this element?
From what foods might your body obtain this element?
Why is this element essential (necessary) for the human body to function?
This is the end point of the lesson on 10/3/2006. Students were rushed in many cases to finish the game and this homework was not properly scaffolded for the learner. Will need to bridge tomorrow with an drill activity and solicit answers that students were able to find.

11. Biology Class Notes - October 3, 2006
Glossary – Part 1
matter – anything that occupies space and has mass
mass – quantity of matter an object has
element – a substance that cannot be broken down chemically into simpler substances
atom – simplest particle of an element that retains all of the properties of that element
compound – a substance containing atoms of two or more elements that are chemically combined in fixed proportions
trace element – an element that makes up less than 0.01% of your body mass

12. Biology Class Notes - October 3, 2006
Glossary – Part 2
organic compound – a compound that contains the element carbon
orbitals – a three-dimensional region around a nucleus that indicates a probably location of an electron
isotopes – atoms of the same element that have a different number of neutrons
chemical bonds – attractive forces that hold atoms together

13. Biology Class Notes - October 3, 2006
Works Cited
Campbell, Neil A., Brad Williamson, and Robin J. Heyden. Biology: Exploring Life. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education, 2004.
Emsley, John. The Elements. 3rd. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1998.
Postlethwait, John H., and Janet L. Hopson. Modern Biology. Austin, TX: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 2006.