1. LCGT from the Viewpoint of System Engineering I. Nakatani f2f Mtg June 15, 2010 Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, Univ. of Tokyo Aichi University of Technology

2. Let me start with a topic of the serious misconception among some of the researchers!

3. System Engineering (SE) Small-laboratory based research X N Large scale project Small-laboratory based research X N Large scale project + SE

4. Differences between Small-laboratory Based Research & Large Scale Development Project

5. Small-laboratory Based Research Large Scale Development Project - Risk is allowed – or rather risk is essential for challenging the unknown. - Risk shall be minimized. - Objective shall be clearly defined. - With the pre-determined success criteria. - Objective is flexible – sometimes changes to 180 degree different direction!

6. Integration of Sub-systems for LCGT

7. WBS ( W ork B reakdown S tructure) of LCGT Identification of Scope of Work for LCGT Level-1 Level-2 Identification of LCGT activities, subsystems & project managements Level-3 Identification of LCGT activities and functions subordinate to the above level-2 Level-4 Baseline Extensometer Cryogenic System Vibration Supression at room temp. Optical System Interferometer Vacuum System Vibration Supression at Low Temp. Mirrors Incident Light System Laser Tunnel Construction Data Collection SPI Data Analysis Suspension System Electronics

8. Does LCGT need System Engineering?

9. System - Integrated whole of interdependent elements - Creating meaningful f unctions - N ot obtainable with each of the elements alone - by I.N.

10. Integration of sub-systems System Engineering Unified objective(s) Under the restrictions of : - cost - schedule - resources It surely does!

11. 1. Perform science value analysis and conduct feasibility studies. System Engineering in LCGT 2. Clearly define the goals with quantitative success criteria. 3. Prepare “Type A” specification. ⇒ Allocation of requirements to functional areas and their interface definitions. 4. Prepare the Test and Evaluation Master Plan (TEPM). 5. Prepare the System Engineering Management Plan (SEPM).

12. 6. Accomplish functional analysis. System Engineering in LCGT 7. Accomplish system analysis, synthesis, and system integration. 8. Plan, coordinate, and conduct formal design review meetings. 9. Monitor and review system test and evaluation activities. 10. Plan, coordinate, implement, and control design changes. 11. Initiate and maintain construction liaison and researcher activities.

13. Documents for LCGT ・ Program Management Plan ・ System Specification ・ System Engineering Management Plan ・ System Requirement Document ・ Preliminary Design Document ・ Detailed Design Document ・ Human Factors Engineering Plan ・ Logistics Engineering Plan ・ Quality Engineering Plan ・ Manufacturing Program Plan ・ Environmental Plan ・ Maintainability Program Plan ・ Reliability Program Plan ・ Safety Engineering Program Plan ・ Software Engineering Plan ・ Disposability Plan ・ Security Plan ・ Configuration Control Document ・ System Engineering Master Plan ・ Test and Evaluation Master Plan ・ System Engineering Management Plan ・ Request for Proposal ・ Integrated Logistics Support Plan

14. Documents for LCGT （ Proposal: 2+2 ） ・ System Requirement Document ・ Preliminary Design Document ・ Detailed Design Document LCGT Design Document - Ver. X Interface Control Document Configuration Control Document Interface/Configuration Control Document Environment Plan Safety Engineering Program Plan

15. SEMP ( S ystem E ngineering M anagement P lan ) ・ System Requirements ・ Operation Concepts ・ Technical Performance Measures & Success Criteria ・ Functional Analysis ・ Allocation of Requirements ・ System Synthesis, Analysis and Design Optimization ・ System Test and Evaluation ・ Construction Requirements ・ System Maintenance Requirements ・ System Diposal/Recycling ・ Organization ・ SE Organization ・ Program Tasks ・ Supplier Requirements ・ Key organizational Interfaces ・ Work Breakdown Structure ・ Projects Schedule & Milestones ・ System Operational Requirements ・ Project Cost ・ Technical Communications ・ Program Monitoring & Control ・ Functional Engineering ・ Software Engineering ・ Reliability Engineering ・ Maintainability Engineering ・ Human Factors Engineering ・ Safety Engineering ・ Security Engineering ・ Quality Engineering ・ Configuration Management ・ Risk Management ・ Environmental Engineering

16. Development Phases

17. Conceptual Design Preliminary Design Construction & Commissioning Detailed Design Operation ・ System requirement ・ System feasibility ・ Analysis of alternatives ・ Detailed feasibility analysis ・ Preliminary design ・ Optimization ・ Evaluation of prototypes ・ Cost, schedule, man- power estimation ・ Configuration identification ・ Construction ・ Commissioning ・ Test and evaluation ・ Operation ・ Maintenance ・ Modifications LCGT Development Phases We are here!

18. Conceptual Design Preliminary Design Construction & Commissioning Detailed Design Operation LCGT Development Phases ― Formal Design Reviews ― System Requirement Review Preliminary Design Review Critical Design Review Initial DATA Review We are here!

19. Formal Design Reviews - All should be peer reviews. - The process for preparing in advance of the review meetings is extremely important. - Major design decisions should be recorded with reasons for supporting them.

20. Cost of Design Change

21. Conceptual Design Preliminary Design Construction & Commissioning Detailed Design Operation Cost LCGT Development Phases ― cost profile ― Problem with Japanese funding system

22. Conceptual Design Preliminary Design Detailed Design Construction A B A ×B A B Conceptual Design Preliminary Design Detailed Design Construction Cost ofdesignchange Frequency Total cost of design change Ideal Actual

23. PERT: Program Evaluation and Review Technique

24. PERT Chart for LCGT : Critical path Start Goal

26. Task can start only after tasks and have been completed.

27. ID number Task Start date Finish date Required duration (weeks)

28. Conclusions-1 - LCGT needs more SE oriented approach. プロジェクトの形にはなってい ない - LCGT has small organization with limited resources compared with the counterparts abroad. 極めて小さな組織 - Small organization needs different SE approach as opposed to the one by large organizations. 独自の SE 手法を追 求 - seeking for extremely efficient way of planning, development and operation 高い効率を追求

29. Conclusions-2 Projects with small organization have obviously disadvantages, but they have advantages as well. 小さい組織には有利な点もある Small organization could lead to - a flexible project management - quick decisions - reliable interface control - minimum documents - minimum red-tape meetings or duplicated reviews

30. Conclusions-3 Summing up: Smaller, Faster, Better!

31. END