1. Gene Technology
Manipulating the code

2. Human Genome Project
We know human genome is approx. 30,000 genes & over 6 bill. nucleotide bases
We know sequence of most genes
Genomic library of information used for potentially lots of cures

3. Forms of Gene Manipulation
cloning
Inducing mutations
Selective Breeding
Select parents with desirable phenotypes– “mass selection”
hybridization - mating
offspring express “hybrid vigor”

4. Liger/Tigon

6. Liger Information An average adult male liger can weigh over 900 pounds.
An adult male Siberian tiger can grow to an average weight of 500 pounds,
An adult African lion can average 450 pounds.
The reproductive process that creates a liger leaves out the growth inhibitor gene present in the male lion and the female tiger, and the result is an enormous offspring that has the best physical and mental characteristics of the parents.
It is important to note that there are no documented cases of ligers appearing naturally in the wild. Lions and tigers do not share territory and the chances of contact between the two groups is slim due to their differing natures.

7. Direct genetic manipulation – Recombinant DNA; Transgenic organisms (chimeras)
Remove “bad” gene and insert “good” gene or…
Combining DNA from 2 different organisms
Requires recognition of coding sequences of gene, including promotors and enhancers

8. Centaur – half man, half horse

9. Tools Genomic maps of DNA Genomic libraries
Restriction Enzymes (DNA scissors) cut at known sequences in specific places (pallindromes)
Cloning vector
Surrogate eggs, mothers, or bacterial plasmid

14. Benefits of transplanted Genes
Make drugs easily & cheaply, i.e. insulin
Make vaccines
New and useful chimeras – genetically engineered crops for disease or insect resistance, increased yield
Save DNA from endangered species
Gene therapy for genetic disorders

16. DNA Fingerprinting DNA is unique to each individual
By comparing DNA found in blood samples, tissue samples, etc. , we can use DNA as a way to identify people, criminals, etc.
Can determine genetic defects

17. RFLP Analysis Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism
Extract DNA & make copies
PCR or polymerase chain reaction
fragment with restriction enzymes
Separate fragments in gel electrophoresis
Photograph and compare - 5 banding images is a match

19. Genethics Moral and ethical implications of genetic engineering
Cloning a super race
Frankenfoods
Bringing back the dead
What are YOUR concerns?