1. America Moves to the City
Theme: In the late nineteenth century, American society was increasingly dominated by large urban centers. Explosive urban growth was accompanied by often disturbing changes, including the New Immigration, crowded slums, new religious outlooks, and conflicts over culture and values. While many Americans were disturbed by the new urban problems, cities also offered opportunities to women and expanded cultural horizons.
Theme: African Americans suffered the most as the south lagged behind other regions of the country with regard to educational improvements and opportunities. Two schools of thought emerged as to the best way to handle this problem. Booker T. Washington advocated that blacks should gain knowledge of useful trades. With this would come self-respect and economic security – Washington avoided the issue of social equality. W.E.B. Du Bois demanded complete equality for blacks, both social as well as economic.

2. I. Rise of the City Emigration from farms New Immigration, 1880s
New technologies
J. Sullivan, electricity, telephones, suburbs
Appealing lifestyle for some but not others
Shopping and impact of consumerism
Slums, dumbbell tenement, flophouses
New Immigration, 1880s
Characteristics
Southern and Eastern Europe
“American Fever” and persecution
“birds of passage”

3. II. Reactions to Immigration
New York
W. Rauschenbusch
Lillian Weld
Florence Kelley
Bosses exploitation
Nativism
APA and organized labor
Chinese Exclusion Act, 1882
Social reformers
Christian Socialists
Middle class targeted urban poor
Female reformers pioneered social work as well as other urban employment
Religion adjusted to changes
Moody, Cardinal Gibbons, Mary Baker Eddy, YMCA
Roman Catholic and Judaism gained strength
Conflict over evolution divided Protestants
Chicago
Jane Adams
Florence
Kelley
Ohio
Washington Gladden’s
“social gospel”

4. III. Cultural Challenges
Timeline of American Sports
Pre-1850’s: Cricket, Boxing, Horseracing, and walking races
1850’s: America’s Cup, Harvard-Yale Regatta (crew), Rugby in England, Montreal lacrosse, Sheffield Soccer, Baseball in NYC, Australian Rule Football in Melbourne, Horse Racing
1860’s: Open Championship (golf), ski-jumping (Norway),
1870’s: Football in New Jersey, Wimbledon
1880’s: 1st World Series (baseball)
1890’s: French Open (tennis), Stanley Cup (Hockey), Olympic Games,
1900: Rose Bowl (college football), Tour de France, NCAA formed,
Compulsory, public-funded Education
Public education
Booker T v. Dubois
University boom
Normal Schools and Morrill & Hatch Acts
Increased literacy
Accessible libraries
Sensationalist newspapers
Reform-minded magazines
Edwin Godkin (Nation)
Henry George’s land tax!
Urbanization stresses families
Family statistics reverse
Battle for Social Progress
Women’s suffrage and NAWSA
E.C. Stanton, C.C.Catt, I.B. Wells
Middle class temperance fears
Clara Barton and Red Cross
The Realism of Art and Music
The rise of Big Business Entertainment

5. Putting Things in Order (Put the following events in correct order by numbering them 1 to 5)
_____ Well-educated young midwesterner moves to Chicago slums and creates a vital center of social reform and activism
_____ Introduction of a new form of high-rise slum housing drastically increases the overcrowding of the urban poor
_____ Nativist organization is formed to limit the “New Immigration” and attack Roman Catholicism
_____ The formation of a new national organization signals growing strength for the women’s suffrage movement
_____ A western territory becomes the first U.S. government to grant full voting rights to women

6. Answers 4 2 3 5 1