1. Nonmendelian Genetics 6F Incomplete, Codominance & Blood Types

2. Incomplete Dominance A blend of alleles Red & white flower make pink offspring

5. Codominance Both alleles are expressed separately Red & white flower make Striped or spotted offspring

8. Blood Types

12. Sex-linked Traits

15. Pedigrees

17. Huntington’s Disease

18. Hemophilia

19. Techniques to study the genomes of organisms 6H

20. Human Genome Project http://www.ornl.gov/sci/techresources/Huma n_Genome/home.shtml http://www.ornl.gov/sci/techresources/Huma n_Genome/home.shtml

21. Human Genome Project Goals identify all the approximately 20,000-25,000 genes in human DNA, determine the sequences of the 3 billion chemical base pairs that make up human DNA, store this information in databases, improve tools for data analysis, transfer related technologies to the private sector, and address the ethical, legal, and social issues (ELSI) that may arise from the project.

23. Gel Electrophoresis Also known as “DNA Fingerprinting”

24. DNA Fingerprinting http://highered.mcgraw- hill.com/sites/dl/free/0072835125/126997/animation40.html http://highered.mcgraw- hill.com/sites/dl/free/0072835125/126997/animation40.html Paternity & Maternity Criminal identification & forensics Personal identification

25. Real Pictures of Gel Electrophoresis!

27. Restriction Enzymes What is an enzyme? – Carbohydrate? Lipid? Nucleic Acid? Protein? Cuts DNA into smaller fragments

28. Restriction Enzymes, cont’d Restriction enzymes cut in specific places Some produce “sticky ends”

31. Gel electrophoresis or DNA Fingerprinting… Restriction enzymes are used to cut DNA into fragments which are separated out during gel electrophoresis

32. Genetic Modifications GMO’s (genetically modified organisms) include bacteria and yeast, insects, plants, fish, and mammals. Used for research and to produce disease resistant crops.

37. Chromosomal Analysis Blood sample Amniotic fluid Bone marrow Tissue KARYOTYPE