1. Research Report Chapter 15

2. Research Report – APA Format Title Page Running head – BRIEF TITLE, positioned in upper left corner of no more than 50 characters in length including letters, spaces, and punctuation. Full title of article, centered on the 1 st page and typed in both lower and upper case letter. Authors typed in lower and upper case letters, centered below full title.

3. Research Report - Abstract Page number and very short title appears in upper right-hand corner of every page except for pages containing figures. Abstract – about 120 words, summarizes objective, methods, procedures, results, and conclusion/implications.

4. Research Report - Introduction Starts out for general and becomes increasingly specific to your question. Intro leads into statement of the variables to be studied in this study. Cite relevant and not tangential literature. Cover topics specifically related to your methods. State purpose of your study & hypothesis.

5. Research Report - Introduction What is the question? What has been done? What will you do? What do you expect (hypothesis)?

6. Research Report - Methods Detailed description of your methods and procedures. Research design Participants – selection procedure & inclusion/exclusion criteria Measures Procedures Statistical analytical plan Enable reader to evaluate the validity of your study.

7. Research Report - Methods Participants: Sample size you aimed for Inclusion criteria Exclusion criteria Recruitment procedure (including how consent obtained) Anything you did to help ensure retention of participants.

8. Research Report – Measures or Apparatus Apparatus – model and where bought it from Measure – references, brief reliability & validity data Custom-made equipment should be fully described and a drawing or picture of the apparatus included.

9. Research Report - Procedure Details from moment of first contact with participant to last contact. Experimental instructions When and how measures conducted Control techniques E.g., randomization procedure

10. Research Report - Results Participant characteristics, participation rate, and attrition rate unless these were reported in the methods. Descriptive statistics Results related to hypotheses Inferential statistics Include statistical values of test and p values. Decide on tables, figures to be included

11. Research Report - Results Figures & tables Explain main findings of the figures and tables in text format Tables that include means should also include variance index and cell sample size. Evidence in support of internal/external validity of the study. Can also be presented as tables or figures

12. Tables & Figures Why show a figure? Tell us more about our data – distributions Tell us more about our results Helps communication

13. CIDS: Frequency Distribution of ICD Shocks

14. CIDS: Quality of Life Outcomes - Certainty of Surviving VT/VF ANVOVA - treatment effect p < 0.0001 Linear time by group, p <.05

15. Research Report - Discussion Hypotheses confirmed or not Interpret and evaluate research findings. Integrate findings with other relevant published research Report of interpretation of important data that speak to the internal/external validity. Evaluate significant short comings of study Next steps for follow-up research

16. Research Report - References List all citations used in the paper in the reference section. Follow APA format for publications in APA journals.

17. Research Report – Author Notes Printed on separate page Authors and their affiliations Funding information when relevant Special circumstances (e.g., dissertation) Acknowledgements Address of corresponding author

18. Research Report - Footnotes Typed on separate page Typed in order they appeared in the report Each footnote is preceded by the appropriate superscript arabic numeral.

19. Writing Style Be precise Avoid jargon, wordiness, and redundancy Generally do not refer to yourself as “I” Avoid plagiarism However, present other’s findings in your own words (don’t quote).

20. Language Avoid demeaning attitudes and biased labels Use precise language (e.g., gender is better than sex). Avoid pejorative or stereotypical labels, including subjects Use active voice rather than passive voice

21. Writing Style Use abbreviations sparingly and define them before using them, and try to use only abbreviations that are familiar to the reader (e.g., IQ). Do not start a sentence with a number and use the word rather than the number for numbers less than ten. Measurements are expressed in metric

22. Manuscript – Order of Sections Title page Abstract Text References Author notes Footnotes Tables Figure captions & then Figures

23. Common Failings in Published Research Papers Data collection procedure not carefully controlled Design weaknesses Lack of description of study limitations Research design did not address the research question Inappropriate method of sample selection

24. Common Failings in Published Research Papers Results not clearly presented Inappropriate statistical analyses Poorly written Assumptions upon which the study was based was unclear Method used to conduct the study was not clearly described or described at all.

25. Thank you. You have been a great class!