2. Please check, just in case…

3. Announcements: Office hour appointments filling up – get yours today! Don’t delay on getting started on next TWO assignments. Bring a sample research article to class next week to discuss in small groups.

4. Questions, quandaries, concerns or conundrums?

5. APA Tip of the Day: et al. “When a work has three, four, or five authors, cite all authors the first time the reference occurs; in subsequent citations, include only the surname of the first author followed by et al. (not italicized and with a period after al) and the year if it is the first citation of the reference within a paragraph” (APA, 2010, p. 175).

6. Examples of et al. According to de Valenzuela, Copeland, Qi, and Park (2006), blah, blah, blah. Blah is also blah (de Valenzuela et al., 2006). Blah, blah, blah (Gomez, Smith & Wen, 2010). Gomez et al. (2010) additionally argued that…

7. Today’s Topic: Research Design Issues – Part I

8. What is APA?

9. Common types of publications  Books  Book chapters  Journal articles

10. Common Types of Journal Articles:  Review article (e.g. book review, literature review)  Position paper  Original research

12. Parts of a Research Paper: 1.title page 2.abstract 3.introduction 4.method section 5.results 6.discussion (including implications)

13. So what? Why do we need to know this?

14. Title Page:  Title of the article  Author’s name  Institutional affiliation  Running head

15. Running head: LINGUISTIC DIVERSITY 1 Linguistic Diversity among Individuals with Intellectual Disabilities J. S. de Valenzuela, Annaliese M. Mayette, Susan R. Copeland, and Heather R. Di Luzio University of New Mexico, Special Education

16. Abstract: A 150-250 word summary of the contents of the article. It should not contain additional information that is not included in the body of the article.

17. Abstract Little is known about the bilingual potential of individuals with intellectual disability (ID) or educational needs related to their linguistic diversity. We examined the relationship between linguistic diversity, language proficiency assessment, and educational placement of students with ID in a large Southwestern school district. Results indicated that individuals with ID have a significant potential for multilingualism. However, they are less… LINGUISTIC DIVERSITY 2

18. Introduction: 1.Introduce the problem. Why is this study important? 2.Develop the background. Literature review 3.State the purpose and rationale. Purpose should include either the hypothesis/hypotheses or the research questions.

19. Introduction: Note: You do not label the introduction section with a heading (“Introduction”) because it’s obvious that it is the introduction since it’s the first section of your paper.

20. The effect of differences between home and school languages on cognitive, linguistic, and academic development has been the subject of considerable debate. While this issue has been examined in reference to typically developing students and students with mild disabilities, little is known about the multilingual potential of individuals with intellectual disabilities (ID) and the impact of bilingualism on their development. The few studies available… LINGUISTIC DIVERSITY 3

21. The specific questions examined in this study were: 1. What percentage of students with ID could be considered ELLs, according to parent report information, as compared with students not identified with ID who receive special education services? 2. What is the relationship between ID and administration of language proficiency assessments? 3. What is the relationship between the identification of ID… LINGUISTIC DIVERSITY 8

22. Method Section:  Who  What  Where  When  How

23. What did you find in this particular investigation? Results:

24. Why should we care? So what? Discussion:

25. Quick Write What did you learn about the parts of a research paper that might help you read articles more critically?

26. Why is it important to follow rules, such as those specified in the APA manual, for writing research papers?

27. Why is it important to follow guidelines for conducting research?

28. Why is it important for teachers to know guidelines for conducting research?

29. So, what makes a good research article?

30. Looking ahead… More issues in research design

31. Please take a minute for the minute paper. And don’t forget to turn your phone back on.