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Life Span and the Environment College of Public and Community Service University of Massachusetts at Boston ©2011 William Holmes 1
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Imitation Learning rules—syntax, semantics, pragmatics Using fast mapping Developing phonology Having receptive language Learning expressive language 2
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Bilingual development Acquiring second language Adjusting to second culture Continued use of primary language Continued development of secondary language 3 Hi! Allo!
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Instruction in both languages Interpreter role for family members Language subcultures Language problems 4 Holla! Yo!
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Encouraging development Controlling development Reassuring development Influencing shame and self-doubt Providing reciprocal interaction Providing context for interpreting 5
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Parent age, personality, life stage influences Child age, health, gender, responsiveness Family context—other adults, other children, socioeconomic status, culture, neighborhood 6
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Authoritarian—withdrawal, hostility, unachieving, low competence Authoritative—independent, friendly, achieving, competent Permissive—impulsive, low self- reliance, immature, aggressive, poor boundaries, low competence 7
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Role modeling, imitation, and value setting Caregiving Helping/rivalry Warning and instruction Interpreting Providing sibling underworld 8
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Parenting disruption—conflict, blaming economic stress, less caregiving Attachment disruption Aggression and depression in children Colored by cognitive immaturity Separation anxiety and abandonment fears 9
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Changing roles and responsibilities Decreased fathering More latchkey children More use of Au Pairs, Nannies, and baby sitting More use of day care 10
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More behavior problems More independence Need to maintain cognitive stimulation Need to maintain nurturing and attachment 11
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Physical awareness Looking glass self Naming Likes and dislikes Temperament 12
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Activities Relationships Role in family Role in society Autobiographical narrative 13
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Biology Social learning Cognitive identification Gender schemas Psychoanalytic issues 14
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Parental socialization Sibling socialization Peer influence Media influence Social control influences 15
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Unoccupied play Solitary plan Onlooker play Parallel play Associative play Cooperative play 16
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Cognitive development Emotional development Role practicing Role alternatives Wishful thinking 17
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Stress reduction Self-esteem building Social interaction development Outlet for emotions Strategy development 18
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