1. Hong Kong People ’ s Participation in Gambling Activities (2005) Prepared for Home Affairs Bureau by Social Sciences Research Centre The University of Hong Kong

2. The Survey Population Survey Population Survey Survey Period: March to April 2005 Survey Period: March to April 2005 Survey Coverage: Persons aged 15-64 in all domestic households in Hong Kong (excluding domestic helpers) Survey Coverage: Persons aged 15-64 in all domestic households in Hong Kong (excluding domestic helpers) Sample Size: 2093 Sample Size: 2093 Survey Method: Telephone interviews Survey Method: Telephone interviews Response Rate: 74.7% or 32.4% (including non- contacts) Response Rate: 74.7% or 32.4% (including non- contacts) Margin of Error of Key Statistics: +/-2.1% at 95% confidence level Margin of Error of Key Statistics: +/-2.1% at 95% confidence level

3. The Survey Youth Survey Youth Survey Survey Period: April to May 2005 Survey Period: April to May 2005 Survey Coverage: 48 classes from 14 secondary schools, 23 classes from VTC Survey Coverage: 48 classes from 14 secondary schools, 23 classes from VTC Sample Size: 2095 Sample Size: 2095 Survey Method: Self-administered questionnaires Survey Method: Self-administered questionnaires

4. Population Survey results

5. Participation in gambling activities Base: N=2093

6. Amount spent on legal and illegal gambling per month

7. Gambling risk Base: n=1188 Base: n=1328 Note: 63.7% of respondents had children

8. Age of first gambling experience for gamblers Base: n=1679

9. Who invited/persuaded to participate in first gambling Base: n=1720

10. Reasons for participating in first gambling Base: n=1865

11. Income spent on betting Base: n=1543

12. Awareness of the preventive and remedial measures to address gambling related problems Base: N=2093

13. Type of measures Base: n=850

14. Problem & Pathological gambling 2.2% of respondents indicated that they had experienced five or more of the problems covered by the DSM-IV and can be classified as “ probable pathological gamblers ” 2.2% of respondents indicated that they had experienced five or more of the problems covered by the DSM-IV and can be classified as “ probable pathological gamblers ” 3.1% of respondents indicated that they had experienced three or four of the problems covered by the DSM-IV and can be classified as “ probable problem gamblers ” 3.1% of respondents indicated that they had experienced three or four of the problems covered by the DSM-IV and can be classified as “ probable problem gamblers ” Most of the identified “ probable pathological gamblers ” said they experienced the DSM-IV problems when betting on Horse Racing, Football Betting, Casino (Macau) and Social Gambling Most of the identified “ probable pathological gamblers ” said they experienced the DSM-IV problems when betting on Horse Racing, Football Betting, Casino (Macau) and Social Gambling Note: DSM-IV is a clinical tool, not a screening tool

15. Problem & Pathological gambling 1.1% of respondents could be classified as pathological gamblers by Dr Leung ’ s screen 1.1% of respondents could be classified as pathological gamblers by Dr Leung ’ s screen 3.2% of respondents could be classified as problem gamblers by Dr Leung ’ s screen 3.2% of respondents could be classified as problem gamblers by Dr Leung ’ s screen

16. Overall comparison with 2001 – Population Survey 20052001 Samples size2 093 respondents aged 15-64 2 004 respondents aged 15-64 Participation in gambling activities (last year) 81.1%78.0% The three most popular forms of gambling in HK Mark Six (68.6%) Social gambling (47.4%) Horse racing (25.2%) Mark Six (64.2%) Social gambling (45.9%) Horse racing (30.4%) Participation in legal gambling80.4%77.8% Participation in illegal gambling2.1%4.2% Pathological gamblers2.2%1.8% Problem gamblers3.1%4.0%

17. Participation in gambling activities (last year) compared with 2001

19. Amount spent on gambling activities (per month) % of respondents Mark Six lottery Horse racing Football betting Casino ShipCasino (Macau) Social gambling Amount200520012005200120052001200520012005200120052001 $50 or below56.055.831.027.135.7-20.725.421.427.231.529.8 $51 to $10024.625.216.313.718.5-17.523.817.323.919.520.9 $101 to $20010.412.013.312.011.1-10.07.910.38.714.314.2 $201 to $5006.25.117.921.115.9-6.520.619.315.820.324.3 $501 to $1,0001.41.610.210.412.1-11.27.912.212.59.56.1 More than $1,000 1.30.311.215.76.6-34.014.319.412.04.84.7 Sample size (n)13521069488517324-7163301184896655 * More than 30% of respondents (Mark in Red) 20% - 30% of respondents (Mark in Blue)

20. Youth Survey results (Secondary schools + VTC)

21. Participation in gambling activities in the past year

22. Amount spent on gambling activities in the past year

23. Age of first gambling experience for gamblers Base: n=329

24. Who invited/persuaded to participate in first gambling Base: n=661

25. Reasons for participating in first gambling Base: n=659

26. Reasons for continuing to gamble Base: n=565

27. Age of first football betting experience for soccer gamblers Base: n=68

28. Channels to place the bet of first football betting Base: n=113

29. Who invited/persuaded to participate in first football betting Base: n=115

30. Reasons for participating in first football betting Base: n=114

31. Reasons for continuing to gamble on football game Base: n=114

32. Channels to place the bet * % of respondents Type of gambling ChannelMark Six Horsing Racing (through HKJC) Football betting (through HKJC) 12-1912-1712-1912-1712-1912-17 By family members and relatives64.278.551.258.642.949.6 At HKJC outlets33.814.119.69.729.313.8 From Race Course--12.813.2-- By schoolmates / friends20.723.910.911.342.445.4 By using family members’ betting account for telephone or online betting4.14.44.3 2.8 3.0 By using schoolmates’ / friends’ betting account for telephone or online betting 1.00.82.41.74.55.0 By using mobile phone’s SMS messaging service 1.3 4.44.85.57.0 Others 1.60.76.02.91.90.2 Sample Size (n)252171866612995 * More than 50% of respondents (Mark in Red) 20% - 50% of respondents (Mark in Blue)

33. Respondents ’ attitude towards gambling

34. Base: aged 12 – 13 (355) / aged 14 – 15 (408) / aged 16 – 17 (269) / aged 18 – 19 (162)

35. Media influence on gambling Media coverage of different gambling activities - Base: aged 12 – 13 (583) / aged 14 – 15 (647) / aged 16 – 17 (486) / aged 18 – 19 (223)

36. Media influence on gambling Media coverage of different gambling activities - Base: aged 12 – 13 (583) / aged 14 – 15 (647) / aged 16 – 17 (486) / aged 18 – 19 (223)

37. Media influence on gambling Media coverage of different gambling activities - Base: aged 12 – 13 (583) / aged 14 – 15 (647) / aged 16 – 17 (486) / aged 18 – 19 (223)

38. Media influence on gambling HKJC ’ s promotions (e.g. carnivals, Open Day, etc.) on different kinds of different gambling activities - Base: aged 12 – 13 (583) / aged 14 – 15 (647) / aged 16 – 17 (486) / aged 18 – 19 (223)

39. Media influence on gambling HKJC ’ s promotions (e.g. carnivals, Open Day etc.) on different kinds of different gambling activities - Base: aged 12 – 13 (583) / aged 14 – 15 (647) / aged 16 – 17 (486) / aged 18 – 19 (223)

40. Problem & Pathological gambling (Students aged 12-19 of secondary schools only) 1.3% of respondents indicated that they had experienced five or more of the problems covered by the DSM-IV and can be classified as “ probable pathological gamblers ” 1.3% of respondents indicated that they had experienced five or more of the problems covered by the DSM-IV and can be classified as “ probable pathological gamblers ” 1.3% of respondents indicated that they had experienced three or four of the problems covered by the DSM-IV and can be classified as “ probable problem gamblers ” 1.3% of respondents indicated that they had experienced three or four of the problems covered by the DSM-IV and can be classified as “ probable problem gamblers ” Most of the identified “ probable pathological gamblers ” said they experienced the DSM-IV problems when betting on Mark Six, Football Betting, Social Gambling and cussec Most of the identified “ probable pathological gamblers ” said they experienced the DSM-IV problems when betting on Mark Six, Football Betting, Social Gambling and cussec Note: DSM-IV is a clinical tool, not a screening tool

41. Problem & Pathological gambling (secondary schools + VTC) 1.3% of respondents could be classified as pathological gamblers by Dr Leung ’ s screen 1.3% of respondents could be classified as pathological gamblers by Dr Leung ’ s screen 0.8% of respondents could be classified as problem gamblers by Dr Leung ’ s screen 0.8% of respondents could be classified as problem gamblers by Dr Leung ’ s screen

42. Awareness of preventive and remedial measures to address gambling related problems Base: n=2019

43. Type of measures Base: n=790

44. Family ’ s reactions to participation in gambling activities Base: n=679 (who had participated in any gambling activities within last year)

45. Comparison with 2001 – Youth Survey 20052001 Survey coverage Secondary schools and VTC classes Secondary schools Samples size 1 939 students (1496 for secondary schools) aged between 12-19 2 000 respondents aged between 13-18 Participation in gambling (last year) 32.3% (34.0% for secondary schools only) 53.8% The three most popular forms of gambling Social gambling :22.9% (24.5% for secondary schools only) Mark Six :13.8% (15.0% for secondary schools only) Football betting with HKJC :7.0% ( 6.8% for secondary schools only) Social gambling (49.2%) Mark Six (19.4%) Horse racing (9.2%) Pathological gamblers 1.5% (1.3% for secondary schools only) 2.6% Problem gamblers 1.1% (1.3% for secondary schools only) 4.5%

46. Participation in gambling activities as compared with 2001 – Mark Six (secondary schools only) Base: 2005 survey  Aged 12-13 (284) / Aged 14-15 (514) / Aged 16-17 (465) / Aged 18-19 (233) 2001 survey  Aged 12-13 (271) / Aged 14-15 (825) / Aged 16-17 (754) / Aged 18-19 (150)

47. Participation in gambling activities as compared with 2001 – Horse Racing (HKJC) (secondary schools only) Base: 2005 survey  Aged 12-13 (284) / Aged 14-15 (514) / Aged 16-17 (465) / Aged 18-19 (233) 2001 survey  Aged 12-13 (271) / Aged 14-15 (825) / Aged 16-17 (754) / Aged 18-19 (150)

48. Participation in gambling activities as compared with 2001 – Football Betting (secondary schools only) Base: 2005 survey  Aged 12-13 (284) / Aged 14-15 (514) / Aged 16-17 (465) / Aged 18-19 (233) 2001 survey  Aged 12-13 (271) / Aged 14-15 (825) / Aged 16-17 (754) / Aged 18-19 (150)

49. Participation in gambling activities as compared with 2001 – Social Gambling (secondary schools only) Base: 2005 survey  Aged 12-13 (284) / Aged 14-15 (514) / Aged 16-17 (465) / Aged 18-19 (233) 2001 survey  Aged 12-13 (271) / Aged 14-15 (825) / Aged 16-17 (754) / Aged 18-19 (150)

50. Amount spent on gambling as compared with 2001 (underage secondary school students only)

51. Focus Groups Results

52. Background 5 focus group discussions were conducted 5 focus group discussions were conducted 5 target groups: 5 target groups: (i) Pathological gamblers (ii) Family members of pathological gamblers (iii) Social gamblers (iv) Youth (aged 18-24) (v) Students (aged 18 or below)

53. Pathological gamblers Reasons and causes of pathological gambling: Reasons and causes of pathological gambling: Winning brings good emotions Winning brings good emotions Believing that they have control over the situation and other people Believing that they have control over the situation and other people Greed Greed Hoping to get ahead Hoping to get ahead Not satisfied with current life or job Not satisfied with current life or job Chasing losses Chasing losses Becoming a habit Becoming a habit Excitement Excitement

54. Pathological gamblers Behaviours and consequences Behaviours and consequences “ Gambling marathon ” “ Gambling marathon ” Not going to work/not going home Not going to work/not going home Lying/cheating Lying/cheating Anxiousness, loneliness, headache, loss of appetite, unstable emotions, insomnia, etc. Anxiousness, loneliness, headache, loss of appetite, unstable emotions, insomnia, etc. Loss of relationships and jobs Loss of relationships and jobs Financial hardships  $ from family members, relatives, friends, loan sharks, banks, etc. Financial hardships  $ from family members, relatives, friends, loan sharks, banks, etc.

55. Family members of pathological gamblers Perceived reasons and causes of pathological gambling: Perceived reasons and causes of pathological gambling: HKJC ’ s or casinos ’ ads HKJC ’ s or casinos ’ ads Media and friends ’ influence Media and friends ’ influence Gamblers ’ character – e.g. no personal goal, no direction in life, easily influenced by other people, low self-esteem, etc. Gamblers ’ character – e.g. no personal goal, no direction in life, easily influenced by other people, low self-esteem, etc. Gamblers ’ values – e.g. $ is very important Gamblers ’ values – e.g. $ is very important Gamblers ’ first gambling experience Gamblers ’ first gambling experience Gamblers ’ family background Gamblers ’ family background

56. Family members of pathological gamblers Consequences caused by the pathological family member Consequences caused by the pathological family member Loan sharks approaching home Loan sharks approaching home Financial hardships of the family – e.g. no $ to pay for daily expenses Financial hardships of the family – e.g. no $ to pay for daily expenses Loss of trust – keep on breaking promises Loss of trust – keep on breaking promises Loneliness, embarrassment (when neighbors/relatives discovered the issue), unstable emotions, helplessness, hopelessness, etc. Loneliness, embarrassment (when neighbors/relatives discovered the issue), unstable emotions, helplessness, hopelessness, etc. Loss of relationships Loss of relationships

57. Social gamblers Reasons for participation in gambling: Reasons for participation in gambling: The process brings good emotions – happy, exciting, etc. The process brings good emotions – happy, exciting, etc. Releasing pressure Releasing pressure A kind of entertainment & social activity A kind of entertainment & social activity Checking their skills on a game Checking their skills on a game Wanting to know if good predictions made Wanting to know if good predictions made Attractive pool size & special tips Attractive pool size & special tips Special ads and variety of playing methods Special ads and variety of playing methods

58. Social gamblers Difference with pathological gamblers Difference with pathological gamblers Gambling won ’ t lead to prosperity Gambling won ’ t lead to prosperity Better self control – gambling on an affordable amount, set $ limit, etc. Better self control – gambling on an affordable amount, set $ limit, etc. Can ’ t afford the great loss in $ and the consequences caused by problem gambling Can ’ t afford the great loss in $ and the consequences caused by problem gambling No chasing losses No chasing losses

59. Youth Reasons for participation in gambling: Reasons for participation in gambling: Family and cultural influence – parents thinks it ’ s normal Family and cultural influence – parents thinks it ’ s normal Social function/entertainment Social function/entertainment Exciting and fun Exciting and fun Attractive pool size Attractive pool size Other perceived reasons (not personal reasons): winning in first gambling, attractive ads, chasing losses, wanting to win $ to improve standards of living, etc. Other perceived reasons (not personal reasons): winning in first gambling, attractive ads, chasing losses, wanting to win $ to improve standards of living, etc.

60. Students Reasons for participation in gambling: Reasons for participation in gambling: Parents ’ and friends ’ influence – think gambling is normal for the Chinese culture Parents ’ and friends ’ influence – think gambling is normal for the Chinese culture Gambling is fun Gambling is fun A kind of entertainment & social activity – improve relationships and communication A kind of entertainment & social activity – improve relationships and communication Winning Winning Losing – chasing losses Losing – chasing losses Special tips and odds Special tips and odds

61. The End