1. © ABB Group Slide 1 PowDoc id The Royal Swedish Academy of Engineering Sciences, IVA (avd II) Indian Power System – Recent Disturbance Abhay Kumar, HVDC, IVA‘a Seminarium om världens största elavbrottMeeting, 2012-09-10

2. © ABB Group Slide 2 PowDoc id Indian Power System – Recent Disturbance Sequence Today  India  Large System Disturbance Workshop – Paris, 27 August 2012  Summary by Cigré SC C2 (System Operation & Control)  Presentation used there for Introduction  Presentation made there by POWERGRID  Own reflection as Individual  (not as an Power System Expert)  (subject to change/discussion)  (May be wrong/incorrect – missing info – perspective)  Not official  For official version – Please check with authorities

3. © ABB Group Slide 3 PowDoc id Indian Power System – Recent Disturbance India  Population  2011 census 1,210,193,422  States  comprising 28 states and 7 union territories. 3,287,263 km 2 installed capacity of 205.34 GW as of June 2012 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electricity_sector_in_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electricity_sector_in_India Sept 1, 2012

4. © ABB Group Slide 4 PowDoc id Indian Power System – Recent Disturbance National Electricity Policy  12 th February 2005  Electricity is an essential requirement for all facets of our life. It has been recognized as a basic human need.  Recognizing that electricity is one of the key drivers for rapid economic growth and poverty alleviation, the nation has set itself the target of providing access to all households in next five years. As per Census 2001, about 44% of the households do not have access to electricity.  Section 3 of the Electricity Act 2003 requires the Central Government to formulate & revise, the National Electricity Policy in consultation with Central Electricity Authority (CEA) and State Governments. http://powermin.nic.in/JSP_SERVLETS/internal.jsphttp://powermin.nic.in/JSP_SERVLETS/internal.jspSept 1, 2012 2010 56% = 678Million

5. © ABB Group Slide 5 PowDoc id Indian Power System – Recent Disturbance Government of India  The Ministry of Power has set a goal – Mission 2012: Power for All. http://powermin.nic.in/JSP_SERVLETS/internal.jsphttp://powermin.nic.in/JSP_SERVLETS/internal.jspSept 1, 2012

6. © ABB Group Slide 6 PowDoc id Indian Power System – Recent Disturbance National Electricity Policy  AIMS & OBJECTIVES  Available for all households in next five years  Availability of Power - Demand to be fully met by 2012. Energy and peaking shortages to be overcome and adequate spinning reserve to be available.  Supply of Reliable and Quality Power of specified standards in an efficient manner and at reasonable rates.  Per capita availability of electricity to be increased to over 1000 units by 2012.  Minimum lifeline consumption of 1 unit/household/day as a merit good by year 2012. http://powermin.nic.in/JSP_SERVLETS/internal.jsphttp://powermin.nic.in/JSP_SERVLETS/internal.jspSept 1, 2012 March 2012 Mission 2012

7. © ABB Group Slide 7 PowDoc id Indian Power System – Recent Disturbance Prespective  The per capita average annual domestic electricity consumption in India in 2009 was 96 kWh in rural areas and 288 kWh in urban areas for those with access to electricity, in contrast to the worldwide per capita annual average of 2600 kWh and 6200 kWh in the European Union.[7]  India's total domestic, agricultural and industrial per capita energy consumption estimate vary depending on the source. Two sources place it between 400 to 700 kWh in 2008–2009.[8][9]  As of January 2012, one report found the per capita total consumption in India to be 778 kWh.[5]  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electricity_sector_in_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electricity_sector_in_India Sept 1, 2012 Sweden 15000 kWh

8. © ABB Group Slide 8 PowDoc id Indian Power System – Recent Disturbance Sequence Today  India  Large System Disturbance Workshop – Paris, 27 August 2012  Summary by Cigré SC C2 (System Operation & Control)  Presentation used there for IntroductionIntroduction  Presentation made there by POWERGRIDPOWERGRID  Own reflection as Individual  (not as an Power System Expert)  (subject to change/discussion)  (May be wrong/incorrect – missing info – perspective)  Not official  For official version – Please check with authorities

9. © ABB Group Slide 9 PowDoc id Indian Power System – Recent Disturbance Summary of Large System Disturbance Workshop

10. © ABB Group Slide 10 PowDoc id Indian Power System – Recent Disturbance Summary of Large System Disturbance Workshop India 2012 The Indian blackouts of 30 th and 31 st of July were the latest and largest blackouts which occurred so far. Nearly 700 million people were effected by the blackout. It was the largest blackout in global history in terms of the number of people effected, nearly 10 % of the world population. Due to heavy weather and large unscheduled flows three of the five country's electricity grids failed. Starting with the northern grid a cascading effected caused the blackout of the north-eastern and the eastern grid as well. The blackout on July the 30 th caused a loss of 36 GW of generation while on July the 31 st even 48 GW were lost. To prevent future blackout several high capacity lines will be built to better connect generation with the load centres.

11. © ABB Group Slide 11 PowDoc id Indian Power System – Recent Disturbance Sequence Today  India  Large System Disturbance Workshop – Paris, 27 August 2012  Summary by Cigré SC C2 (System Operation & Control)  Presentation used there for IntroductionIntroduction  Presentation made there by POWERGRIDPOWERGRID  Own reflection as Individual  (not as an Power System Expert)  (subject to change/discussion)  (May be wrong/incorrect – missing info – perspective)  Not official  For official version – Please check with authorities

12. © ABB Group Slide 12 PowDoc id Indian Power System – Recent Disturbance REPORT OF THE ENQUIRY COMMITTEE http://www.powermin.nic.in/pdf/GRID_ENQ_REP_16_8_12.pdf

13. © ABB Group Slide 13 PowDoc id Indian Power System – Recent Disturbance Reflection  Number Game  100 - 44% = 56% = 678 Million has access to electricity  NR has 56 GW generation, 36 GW was affected on 30 July  56/205 = 27%; 185 Million : 36/205=17%; 119 Million  NEW has 84 GW generation, 48 GW was affected on 31 July  84/205 = 41%; 279 Million : 48/205=23%; 158 Million

14. © ABB Group Slide 14 PowDoc id Indian Power System – Recent Disturbance Reflection  Perspective and Perception of Effect of an disturbance  From Outside  22 Years – Not once  12 years – Few times  From Inside  Regular shortage  Several times in a day  For short duration and long duration

15. © ABB Group Slide 15 PowDoc id Indian Power System – Recent Disturbance Reflection  Limited Investment/Resources  Priority  Not easy job  Political Issue, State v/s Centre  However most of it can be achieved with minimal investment  Discipline  Planning  Isolation schemes  Despatching  Under-frequency  ……

16. © ABB Group Slide 16 PowDoc id Thank you. For details of ABB’s delivered HVDC projects see: www.abb.com/hvdc

17. © ABB Group Slide 17 PowDoc id