1. 2008 Intensive Observation Period in Arid/Semi-arid China—MAIRS Contribution to AMY Ailikun, Congbin FU International Program Office of MAIRS Chinese Academy of Sciences 3 rd AMY workshop, 26-27 Jan 2008, Yokohama, Japan

2. Importance of Dryland Study Water resources and ecosystem service goods are crucial to the people living in dryland regions Dryland regions are sensitive to climate variation and human perturbations Dryland areas in monsoon Asia are the major sources of dust aerosol Land degradation in semi-arid China Desertification speed over northern China (Cai, 2005) Before mid 1970’s: 0.15 million hec/y mid 1970’s to 1980’s: 0.21 million hec/y After 1990’s: 0.25 million hec/y

3. The difficulties for dryland study Complicated topography and landscape. Bad simulation in both GCM and RCM Lack of high resolution observation data The mechanism of water balance and water cycle are not clear Field observing stations are running by various institutes and organizations, no data sharing or exchanging system

4. Observing Stations over dryland China

5. Developing of Multi-discipline Observing Network over Arid/semi-arid China—Participants Universities (2) : Lanzhou University, Beijing Normal University (6) Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute/CAREERI, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources research/IGSNRR, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Institute of Botany, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography;CAS (6)—Institute of Atmospheric Physics/IAP, Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute/CAREERI, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources research/IGSNRR, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Institute of Botany, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography; Chinese Meteorological Administration(7)— Gansu Bureau, Xinjiang Bureau, Shanxi Bureau, Ningxia Bureau, Shannxi Bureau, Jilin Bureau, Inner Mongolia Bureau. Chinese Meteorological Administration(7)— Gansu Bureau, Xinjiang Bureau, Shanxi Bureau, Ningxia Bureau, Shannxi Bureau, Jilin Bureau, Inner Mongolia Bureau.

6. Developing of Multi-discipline Observing Network over Arid/semi-arid China—workshops 1 st national workshop on integrated dryland study 27-29 th Jun, 2007 Beijing 2 nd National workshop on integrated dryland study 10 th Dec, 2007 Beijing

7. Developing of Multi-discipline Observing Network over Arid/semi-arid China— Training course 1st Training courses 11-13 th Dec, 2007 Beijing 1, Basic theory of ABL, land surface processes and aerosol 2, Equipment placement and setting 3, Observation guideline 4, Data archive and quality control Next training course: April 2008

8. Main Research Agenda 1)The structure and characteristics of atmospheric boundary layer under different land surface 2)water and energy cycle of land-atmosphere processes in dryland region. 3)Methods of scale conversion from one point observation to local/regional scale and vice- versa 4)Physical/chemical characteristics of dust aerosol and its interaction with local/regional climate

9. Main Observing Agenda 1)Atmosphere boundary Layer 2)Land surface processes 3)Dust Aerosol 4)Ecosystem

10. Map of Multi-discipline Observing Network in Arid/Semi-arid China (20 stations)

11. Ground meteorology and radiation observing stations (16) Air Pressure, Air Temp, Relative Humidity, Wind Speed, Wind Direction, Precipitation, Incoming Shortwave, outgoing shortwave, incoming longwave, outgoing longwave, snow depth 30 minutes

12. PBL towers (14) Temp, Relative Humidity, Wind Speed, Wind Direction (multi-level ), Incoming shortwave, outgoing shortwave, incoming longwave, outgoing longwave 30 minutes Surface flux (16) sensible heat flux, latent heat flux, CO 2 flux(11) 30 minutes

13. Soil T/M(16): Soil Temp, soil moisture, soil heat flux(multi- layer, 30 min) Aerosol(4): PM10, PM2.5, PM1.0, aerosol and cloud Ecology(5): dominant vegetation type/height, LAI, Photosynthesis characteristic parameters

14. IOP in 2008 1)All the 20 stations will join the IOP in June-August 2008, aerosol observation will start from March. 2)Data sharing among IOP participants in 3 years, open to all after 3 years. 3)Collaborating with AMY and others 4)Preparation for IOP in 2009.

15. Regional Climate Model Intercomparison Project for Asia 1)To improve the simulation skills of regional climate models, and to meet the urgent needs of providing accurate regional climate change information to impact and assessment community, which has been one of the high priority areas in climatic change study 2)Participants: China(CMA, CAS, Nanjing Uni), US, Italy(ITCP), Japan, Korea.

16. Activities of RMIP Asia 1, The integrations of multiple RCMs driven by multiple GCMs; 2, Emblem prediction of 21 st century climate change in Asia; 3, Involvement with other regional climate change research programs, such as NARCCAP (North America Regional Climate Change Assessment Program), ARCCAP (Asian Regional Climate Change Assessment Program), etc. 4, meeting planned at the end of May in Beijing

17. Thank you! http://www.mairs-essp.org Info@mairs-essp.org Or mairs@mairs-essp.org