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2. Mediterranean Sea Corrupt Government High taxes, inflation, unemployment, disease Military Decline Invasions by barbarian tribes Deteriorating after 1,000 years Invasions led to a new capitol

3. Empire Divides After Constantine

4. War Disease Feudalism Ignorance

5. War Disease Feudalism Ignorance

6. Eastern Empire becomes And lasts for 1,000 years Center of Learning Philosophy MedicineArchitecture Trade Law Code

7. Capital : Constantino ple Surrounded by water on 3 sides Thick walls surrounded city Center of trade – Traders came on land and water from various regions of the world (Europe, Africa, and Asia)

8. MAP SKILLS 1.What might prevent or slow an invasion into Constantinople from the west? 2.What are the benefits of conquering Constantinople? Constantinople in A.D. 550

9. Why the Byzantine Empire Survived Large Army Merchants and common people were taxed to provide for an army Cultures Byzantium blended Roman, Greek, Middle Eastern, and Christian cultures. Strong Government Strong laws helped emperors rule with absolute power. They controlled the State and the Church. Constantinople’s Location Favorable location for trade and defense; between Europe and Asia; brought great wealth.

10. Why did it Decline? Invasions Frequent attacks from all sides shrank the size of the empire Constantinople fell to the Ottoman Turks in 1453 The Crusades Armies of knights from Western Europe pillaged the capital Mysterious Plague of Justinian Broke out in 542 A.D. killing thousands each day Plague returned every 8-10 years, decreasing the population

11. BREAK! Preventing Death by Lecture Everybody run in place Keep running, and find a partner – Older student is partner 1 – Younger student is partner 2 Partner 1: List 4 reasons why the Byzantine Empire survived Partner 2: List 3 reasons why the Byzantine Empire declined When you have listed your reasons, stop running in place and return to your desk

12. Educated, wise, strong ruler Extended rights to women – Buy and own land, financial freedoms Improved the capital by building: – Walls, bridges, parks, public baths, a palace, courts, schools, hospitals, churches, and markets

13. Restoring the Empire Justinian’s army regained control of Italy and restored the Roman Empire once again

14. Code of Justinian Justinian organized Roman laws into a single code which served for 900 years  New laws added:  RELIGION: Required all persons to belong to the Eastern Orthodox Church The Code Contained 5000 Roman laws The Code Contained 5000 Roman laws The Digest 50 volumes of legal opinion The Digest 50 volumes of legal opinion The Institutes Textbook for law students The Institutes Textbook for law students The Novellae New laws passed after 534 A.D. The Novellae New laws passed after 534 A.D. Code Consisted of 4 Works

15. Hagia Sophia Beautiful churches showed connection between Church and State Hagia Sophia (“Holy Wisdom”) was rebuilt after riots and became the emperor’s crowning glory Rich mosaics of saints and Jesus glittered in candle light Interior Dome of Hagia Sophia

16. Christianit y Divides Preview: What might cause a church to divide against itself?

17. Differences Between Eastern and Western Christianity West: Roman Catholic East: Eastern Orthodox Services in Latin Services in Greek or local language Pope has authority over all bishops The patriarch and other bishops head the church as a group Pope claims authority over all kings and emperors Emperor claims authority over the patriarch and bishops Priests cannot marry Priests can married Divorce is not allowed Divorce is allowed

18. The leading bishop in the east Bowed to the emperor – Emperor ruled over patriarch The leading bishop in the east Bowed to the emperor – Emperor ruled over patriarch The Patriarch

19. What is an Icon? Religious images used in worship and ceremony to aid devotion Orthodox churches decorated with icons

20. The Schism In 1054, the Pope and the Patriarch excommunicated each other Christianity was permanently divided between the Roman Catholic Church in the West and the Orthodox Church in the East

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