2. {  England blamed Germany  Belgium blamed Germany  Russia blamed Austria  Germany blamed Russia  France blamed Germany  Austria blamed Serbia  Serbia blamed Austria  Italy was NEUTRAL (at least at first) Who’s to blame?

3. Machine gun Poison gas submarines airplanes tanks

4. Trench Warfare  Soldiers dug a series of trenches to create a fortified position.  The enemy did the same.  Fighting occurred between the trenches.  This resulted in a stalemate, neither side having an advantage. What kind of living conditions do you think trench warfare created?

5. Elements: Winter in a Trench

6. And….. Notice the smiley face! Imagine a sinister laugh. (Buwahahahahahahahahah!)

7. Trenchfoot!  Fungal infection  Prolonged by long exposure to damp, cold conditions  Poor hygiene/environment  Estimated 20,000 British casualties in one yr. alone  Improved with better trench construction, rubbing grease on toes/feet, and wearing clean, dry socks

8. { A brighter moment of the war… The Christmas Truce of 1914 The Christmas Truce of 1914

9.  December 24, 1914  German front lines decorated for the season  Christmas trees and Chinese lanterns  Germans walked toward British trenches  “Hello, I want to talk to you!”  Enemies drank toasts  Exchanged products (jam, coffee, chocolate, etc…)  One group of Germans played soccer with Scots in kilts The Christmas Truce

10. TOTAL WAR: How war affected life at home  Total war: the channeling of all of a nation’s resources into the war effort.  Rationing: using coupons to get food and gas  Propaganda: spreading of ideas to promote a cause or damage an opposing cause.  Women: contributed to war effort

11. The United States Helps Win the War  Belgium, Italy, Romania, Greece, and Portugal join the Allies.  The US remains neutral but sends supplies to the Allies.  German submarines begin attacking US ships in the Atlantic.  The US enters the war in 1917 and Russia drops out because of revolution in that country.  Germany surrendered 1918

12. Wilson’s 14 Points  President Wilson wanted the following out of the war:  Each nationality in Europe have its own state  An independent Poland  Freedom of the seas  An end to secret diplomacy  A League of Nations

13. The Paris Peace Conference 1919 Germany’s Territorial Loses Germany lost Poland Germany lost territory to Poland and France Germany lost all its overseas territory Austria-Hungry and Turkey Austria-Hungry was divided into several new countries Turkey lost its territory in the Middle East Punishing Germany Lost its navy Reduced army to small police force Had to accept blame or war Had to pay huge reparations to the Allies League of Nations organization of nations pledged to defend each other against aggressors. The US and Russia did not join The cartoon was created (incredibly) in 1920. It was titled "Peace and future cannon fodder". There is a small child with a copy of the Treaty behind them. Above the child's head is a comment "1940 class". The leaders of the nations at Versailles are seen walking past, and there is a caption: "The Tiger: Curious! I seem to hear a child weeping!" What idea is the author trying to convey in the cartoon?

14. How are the two maps different?

15. World War One in the Middle East Armenian Massacres  Some Armenian Christians sought to have their own state separate from the Ottoman Empire.  The Ottoman Empire disarmed the Armenians so they could not help the Russians.  They jailed and then shot or hung political leaders.  Turkish soldiers gathered 1 million Armenian men, women, and children and sent them on death marches to the Syrian desert. Arabia, Syria, and Palestine  These areas were promised independence from Turkey if they supported the Allies during the war.  After the war these areas were divided between Britain and France.  Uprisings in Egypt and Arabia led to their independence in 1922-1924.  Turkey became a secular state in 1920 and abolished the Sultanate in 1923.