1. SNOLab-Majarana Aug. ‘05 Overview:  Phased approach and scientific reach  Funding and schedule  Experimental layout and detailed infrastructure needs  Change in strategy and schedule given LAr option Majarana double beta decay program Peter Doe, on behalf of the Majorana collaboration

2. SNOLab-Majarana Aug. ‘05 Phased approach and scientific reach Scalable  3 phases: M180… 180 kg, 86% enriched 76 Ge, 60 kg  120 kg  180 kg “conventional” technology m ≥ 120 meV (degenerate hierarchy) M500/M1000… 500-1000 kg, LAr/LN 2 collaboration with GERDA? m ≥ 50 meV (inverted hierarchy) MX000… Technology unknown? m ≥ 10 meV (normal hierarchy)

3. SNOLab-Majarana Aug. ‘05 Funding Expect NuSAG response at end of August ? Possibility of early activity U/G in FY-06 Funding from Majorana institutional support No federal funding before FY-07 

4. SNOLab-Majarana Aug. ‘05 R&D Module Enriched Ge 1st 60 kg running 2nd 60 kg running 3rd 60 kg running M180 Operating Phase Construction 200520062007200820092010201120122013201420152016 Schedule

5. SNOLab-Majarana Aug. ‘05 Majorana modular approach 57 crystal module (60 kg) –Conventional vacuum cryostat made with electroformed Cu. –Three-crystal stack are individually removable. Cold Plate 1.1 kg Crystal Thermal Shroud Vacuum jacket Cold Finger Bottom Closure 1 of 19 crystal stacks Cap Tube (0.007” wall) Tube (0.007” wall) Ge (62mm x 70 mm) Ge (62mm x 70 mm) Tray (Plastic, Si, etc) Tray (Plastic, Si, etc)

6. SNOLab-Majarana Aug. ‘05 Majorana shield - conceptual design –Allows modular deployment, early operation –contains up to eight 57-crystal modules (M180 populates 3 of the 8 modules) –four independent, sliding units –40 cm bulk Pb, 10 cm ultra-low background shield –active 4  veto detector Top view 57 Detector Module Veto Shield Sliding Monolith LN Dewar Inner Shield

7. SNOLab-Majarana Aug. ‘05 Experimental layout/infrastructure - M180 Three areas of underground activity: 1.Fabrication Electroforming copper parts 2.Assembly Putting it together Making it work 3.Data taking - staged by module 60 kg  120 kg  180 kg

8. SNOLab-Majarana Aug. ‘05 Layout - Fabrication areas Dimensions in meters

9. SNOLab-Majarana Aug. ‘05 Layout - Detector area Dimensions in meters

10. SNOLab-Majarana Aug. ‘05 2 crystal thermal shroud, 250  m wall thickness Low background electroformed copper ComponentMass Inner mount2 kg Cryostat38 kg Copper shield310 kg Small parts1 gm/crystal Mass, M180 copper components Electroformed cold finger and signal wires for MEGA

11. SNOLab-Majarana Aug. ‘05 Semiconductor-grade acids Copper sulfate purified by recrystallization Baths circulated with continuous microfiltration to remove oxides and precipitates Continuous barium scavenge removes radium Cover gas in plating tanks reduces oxide formation Periodic surface machining during production minimizes dendritic growth H 2 O 2 cleaning, citric acid passivation Electroforming copper - key elements Electroforming copper AB C AB C CuSO 4 Current density ~ 40mA/cm 2 Plating rate ~ 0.05 mm/hr 232 Th<8  Bq/kg

12. SNOLab-Majarana Aug. ‘05 Electroforming copper - Infrastructure HEPA-filtered air supply Radon-scrubbed air for lowest-level work Fume extractor for etching Flammable and hazardous gas sensors Radon-proof storage lockers with purge gas and vacuum capability Etching and acid storage Spill containment lining Milli-Q water system w/DI supply water Air-lock entry, washable walls Air-conditioning to ~ 20 C 10 -6 Torr dry vacuum system Cold plate for the MEGA feasibility study at WIPP, NM.

13. SNOLab-Majarana Aug. ‘05 LocationSpace (m) Power (kW) Air QualityOccupancy (People/shift) control room5x4x330 (ups)regular lab2 detector5x5x32 (ups)class 100, radon free0-2 assembly5x5x38 (ups)class 100, radon free0-4 (2 shifts) entry4x4x31HEPA- storage (dirty)4x4x31regular lab- storage (clean)4x4x31class 100, radon free- electroforming4x10x340class 2,000, radon free0-4 (2 shifts) shop4x10x324class 2,000, radon free0-4 (2 shifts) entry4x10x31HEPA- Total214 m 3 1089 Infrastructure (continued)

14. SNOLab-Majarana Aug. ‘05 M180 - Special considerations Cryogens (  1000 liters) Waste gasses (electroforming, etching) Acids (electroforming) Solvents (alcohol, acetone…) Oxidizers (dilute H 2 O 2 cleaner) Lead (shielding) Flammable plastics (veto) Compressed gasses Radon-free inert cover gasses (LN 2 ?) Radioactive sources

15. SNOLab-Majarana Aug. ‘05 LAr option - strategy change and schedule 2 year LArGe R&D  - Crystal, light stability in Lar - Detector Monte Carlo studies - Detector design - Engineering design Estimate 3m Ø cryogenic vessel (~20 ton LAr) Requires underground fabrication of dewar (  schedule) Less electroformed copper parts (  schedule) Would not change enrichment schedule Would not change staging plan (~60  120  180 kg) Would need higher overhead clearance (≥8 m ?) Decision

16. SNOLab-Majarana Aug. ‘05 Summary Majorana is modular, 60  120  180  500  X,000 kg M180 employs demonstrated, “conventional” technology Material purity is critical, but achievable Significant underground fabrication, assembly Optimistically, enrichment late 2007, first data 2009/10 LAr option being investigated, little schedule impact(?)

17. SNOLab-Majarana Aug. ‘05

18. Electroforming numbers Bath size: Cryostat40 cm high x 40 cm  Tank 50cm x 75cm x 50cm  225 liters x 8 tanks  1800 liters Plating time: Cryostat3mm / 0.05 mm hr -1 = 60 hr @50% efficiency, 12 hr/day = 10 days (2 weeks) Bath power: CryostatArea =  x 20 2 x 40 = 5030 cm 2 power = 5030 cm 2 x 40 mA cm -2  2 kA Assume 4 kW/bath  32 kW total

19. SNOLab-Majarana Aug. ‘05 Cu parts count Part typemoduleM180+30%Bath-weeks cold finger1348 cold plate1348 caps19571716 cryostat top1348 cryostat bottom1348 cryostat wall1348 thermal shroud1344 suspension tube571712284 54 bath weeks, 100% contingency, 8 baths  4 months electroforming @ 2 shifts/day, 5 days/week

20. SNOLab-Majarana Aug. ‘05 Plating Bath Process Parameters ConstituentConcentration CuSO 4 188 g/l H 2 SO 4 75 g/l HCl30 mg/l Thiourea3 mg/l CoSO 4 1 mg/l BaSo 4 ~1 mg/l  Plating is done onto polished, cleaned, stainless steel mandrels in the shape of the desired parts  Current density is ~40 mA/cm 2  Plating rate is ~0.05 mm/h  BaSO 4 collects in the micro- filtration stage and acts as radium scavenge  CoSO 4 was added as a holdback carrier for the cosmogenic 56,57,58,60 Co present in the starting copper  HCl and Thiourea affect copper crystal nucleation and grain size

21. SNOLab-Majarana Aug. ‘05