1. INTERACTION OF LIVING THINGS AND CYCLES IN NATURE. Chapter 2 and 3 review

2. The five levels of environmental organization.  Organism: one organism of one species.  Population: two or more organisms of the same species.  Community: different populations of organisms living together.  Ecosystem: a community of organisms and the abiotic factors.  Biosphere: the part of Earth where life exists

3. Arrange the following pictures in the correct sequence.  A._____________  B._____________  C._____________  D._____________  E._____________ OneTwo ThreeFour Five

4. Two main part of an environment  Biotic Factors: all the living organisms that live and interact with one another.  Abiotic Factors: all the non-living elements of an environment.

5. Biotic factors

6. Abiotic Factors

7. Links in a food chain  A food chain shows the pathway of energy transfer as a result of how organisms’ eating patterns.

8. Sun  The ultimate source of energy for all living things.

9. Producers  Producers make their own food through a process called photosynthesis. This requires sunlight.

10. Consumers  Consumers can be level one (primary) or level two (secondary) consumers.  Level one consumers can be herbivores which mean they only eat plants, or omnivores which means they plants and animals.  Level two consumers can be omnivores or carnivores which eat only meat.

11. Level one consumers

12. Level two consumers

13. Scavanger  Scavengers are consumers that eat the left overs of other consumers.

14. Decomposers  Decomposers break down dead organisms and return nutrients to the soil.

15. Food Web  A food web shows the feeding relationships between lots of different organisms in an ecosystem.

16. Can you answer these questions? 1. Name the living things in the food web that are producers. ____________________________________________________________ 2. Name the living things in the food web that are consumers. ____________________ ______________________________________ ______________________________________ 3. Which living things does the snake eat? ______________________________________ 4. Which living things does the hawk eat? ______________________________________ 5. What is eaten by the rabbit? ______________________________________ 6.What is the owl classified as? ______________________________________

17. Energy Pyramid  An energy pyramid shows an ecosystems loss of energy as it passes from one organism to the next.  An ecosystem must have more producers than consumers or it will collapse.  An ecosystem must have more level one consumers than level two consumers are it will collapse.

18. What does an energy pyramid look like?

19. Limiting Factors The growth of a population is controlled by limiting factors. Limiting factors are resources that are necessary for life. Limiting factors are food, water, space. Amount of sunlight, temperature and other natural resources.

20. Carrying capacity and competition  Carrying capacity is the largest population an ecosystem can support. Limiting factors control the carrying capacity of all ecosystems.

21. Competition  Competition is when two or more individuals or populations complete for the limiting factors that are available in a particular ecosystem.

22. Predators  Predators are organisms that all or part of another organism. Predators are hunters.

23. Prey  Prey are organisms that are killed and eaten by other organisms.

24. What are adaptations?  Adaptations allow predators to catch their prey, but also allow prey to escape predators.  Some adaptations are: Camouflage; speed; staying in herds; defense chemicals; quills; talons.

25. Mutualism  Mutualism is a symbiotic relationship in which both organisms benefit.

26. Commensalism  Commensalism is a relationship where one organism benefits and the other is not affected.

27. Parasitism  Parasitism is a relationship in which one organism benefits and other is harmed.

28. Water cycle  The water cycle is the movement of water between oceans, atmosphere, land and living things.  The main parts are: Evaporation Condensation Precipitation Run-off

29. Water Cycle

30. Carbon Cycle  The carbon cycle is the exchange of carbon between the environment and living things.  Photosynthesis is the basis of the carbon cycle.

31. Nitrogen Cycle  The nitrogen cycle is the movement of nitrogen between the environment and living things.