1. ADAPTATIONADAPTATION AP Env Sci 2011-2012

2. Natural Selection Predation, competition keep populations in check Adaptation may result from intraspecific or interspecific competition Intraspecific competition: –Improved adaptation of species to environment Interspecific competition –Specialization -> resource partitioning

3. Selective Pressure Every factor of Environmental Resistance is a Selective Pressure “selecting” those individuals who can cope with surroundings Let’s name a few….

5. Five Types of Adaptation Climate/abiotic factors Obtaining food/water/nutrients Escape or protection from predators Finding or attracting mates Migration or seed dispersal More Examples?

7. Three Possible Responses to New Pressure: Adaptation Migration Extinction For adaptations to occur, there must be some individuals with the desired traits –“fish gotta fly, birds gotta swim”

8. Keys to Survival: Housefly vs. Condor Geographical Distribution: world vs. certain locations Specialization in Habitat or Food: any vs. mountain, ravine Genetic Variation: many generations/yr vs. 1-2 chicks/yr Reproductive Rate vs. Rate of Environmental Change: many generations/year vs. one generation/year

10. In the Book…

11. Speciation As many as 14 million species may exist on Earth One species -> Two species What is Needed? –Reproductive Isolation –Different Selective Pressures Example: Arctic Fox vs. Grey Fox

12. Figure 4-17 in text Know this as an example