1. Climate Change: Sea Level Rise Herman.Sievering@colorado.edu Associate Scientist, Global Monitoring Div. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Admin. and Environmental Science & Statistics Professor University of Colorado Intergovt. Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Member, 2007 Working Group I, The Science Basis Reviewer: IPCC 2013/2014 WGI & WGIII reports

2. CO 2 air concentrations over last 60 years, parts per million

3. Fossil Fuel Carbon Emissions to the Atmosphere ( IPCC )

4. Global Warming → Climate Change → Sea Level Rise (SLR) “Bottom line” SLR bullets: *SLR likely to displace 5 to 12 million people by 2050 *60 to 240 million, perhaps more, displaced by 2100 When might 1-meter (3 ft. 4 in.) SLR occur??

5. The BIG Three *Heating & Expansion of Oceans is, now, causing about one-half (~½) of SLR per year *Glacier & Arctic Region melt: ~1/4 th of SLR per year * Greenland ~ * Greenland & Antarctic Melt : ~1/5 th of SLR per year Greenland ice melt is 480% greater than in early 1990s Key Review: Science, 30 Nov 2012, pg. 1138

6. SLR: How much? How soon? - Slow insidious** impact Mean Global Sea Level Rise (SLR), ft. & in. Year Best Estimate, IPCC 2010 8” - measured; rapid rate 2050 1’ 9” ≈ equal to ½ meter 2100 3’ 4” ≈ equal to 1 meter Range of 2100 Global Mean SLR: 2’ to 4’ __________________ **eg: 1’ SLR “payback to us” even if coal & oil emissions stop now.

7. Global Warming → Climate Change → Sea Level Rise (SLR) “Bottom line” bullets: if 1-meter SLR by 2100 *SLR likely to displace 5 to 12 million people by 2050 *60 to 240 million people may be displaced by 2100 Needed: A present-day SLR impact; not just 2050/2100 NYC Case Study: Super-storm Sandy

8. Super-storm Sandy: 1’ water depth due to human-caused SLR

9. NYC Case Study: Super-storm Sandy Sea Level Rise: 1’ of the NYC 10’ surge 11’ surge is nearly double previous 300 yr. record surge 1 met er By 2100, NYC’s SLR will be more than 1 met er - greater than the 2100 global mean SLR of 2’ to 4’ 3’ to 5’ SLR for NYC by 2100

10. Super-storm Sandy: Human Climate Change a factor? *M ajority of 1’ NYC SLR (since 1930) is human-caused * Part of 5°F higher ocean Temp (birth region) is due to us * Energy uptake along warmer ocean waters path YES, there was a human contribution to the damage caused by super-storm Sandy. Impossible to say how much Some Solutions after Break

11. Solutions: Government Driven Renewable Energy: Govt. credits/subsidies needed Wind: cost less than coal in many areas Solar: rapid growth ; Germany/European Union

12. Solutions in Private Sector Insurance Industry: world’s largest in Global Economy “Weather catastrophe” payouts up 400% in 2 decades; ~40% of payouts Munich Reinsurance: largest insurer of Insurance Co.s concluded - in 1973 - there is: “insurance risk from human-caused climate change”

13. Insurance industry Climate Change projects; U. of Cal. study Insurance Ind. Climate Change funds (since 70s): > $195,000,000,000

14. Solutions: biggest Personal Choice impact Hybrid Cars with electric plug-in* - Ford C-Max Energie: ~$28,000 - Toyota Prius: ~$28,000 - Chevy VOLT: ~$27,000 Electric Cars * - Ford Focus E: ~$30,000 - Nissan Leaf: ~$29,000 *Fed rebates applied and 2013 $ amounts

15. Last two slides may be useful added visual material

16. Super-storm Sandy

17. Regional Sea Level Rise: 2091-2100 mean vs 1900, IPCC Purple = 4’ Dark Brown = 3.5’ Red = 3’ Yellow = 2’