2. Weather vs Climate Duration of events is key Which leaves a record?

4. Heat transfer occurs by: –Conduction – atomic or molecular transfer –Convection – mass movement –Radiation – wave-like energy emitted

5. Annual energy flow

6. Variations in air pressure With increased altitude

8. Relative contribution of greenhouse gases to global warming

9. Role of variable gases and how they change –Carbon dioxide Anthropogenic sources Natural sources –Water vapor Air temp controls amounts in atmosphere –Ozone –Shield to UV rays –Attacked by CFCs and freon –Methane Decay of organic material; coal mines; animals –Halocarbons Cl, F and Br compounds; anthropogenic –Aerosols [microscopic liquids and solids] Desert dust, wildfires, volcanic gases

10. Significant temperature changes in last 130 years

11. Oceanic conveyor belt

12. Polar jet Concave south Concave north

13. Note differences

16. Stages of development are distinct

17. Generation of electrical charges is key

18. Thunderstorm facts About 16 million occur worldwide each year Florida has about 100 thunderstorm days per year; Uganda has about 240 1,800 occur at any given moment All produce lightning; severe storms produce hail which can travel up to 100 mph

19. All regions experience some activity

20. Storms that produced hail having an avg diameter > ¾ in

22. Lightning deaths during period 1959-2001

25. Organizational stage <20% of supercells generate tornadoes

26. Mature stage, up to 1 mile wide at base; form on trailing edge of supercell

30. Monthly average of tornadoes in U.S., 1950-1999

31. Super outbreak of Apr 1974

33. Tornado deaths, by state 1950 - 1994