1. Elements, Compounds & Mixtures
How everything is put together.

2. Classification of Matter

3. Elements
Matter that has the same composition and properties throughout is called an element.
When different elements combine, other substances are formed.

4. Elements Contains only one particle
Can exist in 3 states of matter solid, liquid, and gas
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5. Compounds
Ban DHMO?
DHMO is dihydrogen monoxide.
Evaluate the following link and decide if this potentially dangerous chemical should be prohibited.

6. Compounds
A compound is a substance whose smallest unit is made up of atoms of more than one element bonded together.
Compounds often have properties that are different from the elements that make them up.
Examples: Water, salt, sugar

7. Compounds General Rules: - Only write the name of the metallic element
first
- Write the number of atoms of any element in the compound in subscript
(applies to only 2 or more atoms)
- “ide” will always be written at the end of the non metal element

8. Compound Properties
Compounds are formed by atoms of different elements. However, they do not have the properties as them.
Because of chemical bonds, compounds cannot be broken down by physical means. They can only be broken down by chemical reaction or electricity.

9. How do we name compounds? Rule 1
A compound made up of two elements has a name that ends in -ide.
• Sodium chloride — made up of the elements sodium and chlorine • Zinc oxide — made up of the elements zinc and oxygen • Carbon dioxide — made up of the elements carbon and oxygen

10. Fixed Composition of Compounds
A compound is made up of different elements chemically combined in a fixed ratio.
For example, water (H2O) is a compound made only by joining together two atoms of hydrogen to one atom of oxygen. That is, the ratio of hydrogen atoms to oxygen atoms in water is always 2 : 1.

11. Chemical Formula of a Compound
A compound can be represented by a chemical formula.
The chemical formula states • the types of atoms (i.e. elements) in the compound, • the ratio of the different atoms in the compound.
Types of atoms: hydrogen, oxygen
Ratio of H to O = 2:1

12. How do we write chemical formula? Rule 1
For many compounds that contain both metallic and non-metallic elements, the symbol of the metallic element is written first.
• calcium oxide (CaO) • sodium chloride (NaCl) • magnesium carbonate (MgCO3)

13. How do we write chemical formula? Rule 2
The number of atoms is written as a subscript, to the right of the atom’s symbol.
• water (H2O, not H2O or 2HO)
• magnesium carbonate (MgCO3, not MgCO3 or MgC3O)

14. How do we write chemical formula? Rule 3
It is not necessary to write the subscript ‘1’.
• water (H2O, not H2O1) • calcium oxide (CaO, not Ca1O1)

15. How do we write chemical formula? Rule 4
The oxygen atom is usually written at the end of the formula.
• water (H2O, not OH2) • carbon dioxide (CO2, not O2C) • nitric acid (HNO3, not O3NH)

16. Let’s try it…
How many atoms of each element are there in the compound?
Sulfuric Acid H2SO4
__ Hydrogen
__ Sulfur
__ Oxygen
Hydrogen Peroxide H2O2

17. And some more formulas…
Carbon Dioxide CO2
__ Carbon
__ Oxygen
Carbon Monoxide CO
Calcium Carbonate CaCO3
__ Calcium

18. Compound Review
 A pure compound has the same elements and the same amount of elements all of the time
Elements are chemically combined
Compound properties are different from the properties of the elements
They cannot be separated physically
Physical properties such as boiling point or melting point of pure substances are do not change

19. Mixtures
A mixture is a combination of two or more substances where there is no chemical combination or reaction.

20. Mixtures combine physically in no specific proportions. They just mix.

21. Solids, liquids and gases can be combined to create a mixture.

22. Mixture Types
MIXTURES MAY BE HOMOGENEOUS OR HETEROGENEOUS

23. Homogeneous Mixtures Homogeneous Mixtures:
The prefix: "homo"- indicates the same
Have the same uniform appearance and composition throughout

24. Solutions
SOLUTIONS-
are homogeneous mixtures

25. What is a solution? A solution is a mixture of two or more substances.
At least two substances must be mixed in order to have a solution

26. A solution has two parts
The substance in the smallest amount and the one that DISSOLVES is called the SOLUTE
The substance in the larger amount is called the SOLVENT - it does the dissolving
IN most common instances water is the solvent
                        

27. Examples of solutions
Salt water
Clean Air
Vinegar

28. Heterogeneous Mixtures:
The prefix: "hetero"- indicates difference
A heterogeneous mixture consists of visibly different substances or phases
Two or more parts can be seen

29. Examples:
Pizza
Sandwich
Chex Mix

30. Suspensions A SUSPENSION is a heterogeneous mixture of large particles
These particles are visible and will settle out on standing
Examples of suspensions are: fine sand or silt in water or Italian salad dressing

31. Classification of Matter

32. Compounds vs Mixtures Compounds Mixtures
Combine chemically forming molecules
Not chemically combined
Can combine in any proportion
Combine in set proportions
Separated physically
Separated chemically