1. 7/17: Database Management
Where we are
Database concepts
Database management: considerations
Types of databases
Technical Foundations:
Database structures
Accessing databases
Database development

2. Where we are Management of IS (ch. 13-15) Development of IS (ch. 3)
Technology of IS (ch. 4-7)
Applications of IS (ch. 8-12)
Development of IS (ch. 3)
Management of IS (ch )
Foundation Concepts of IS (ch. 1-2)

3. Database concepts Parts of a database (smallest to largest) Character
Field (attribute)
Record (entity)
File (table)
Database

4. What is a database?
A database is a collection of information that you organize and access according to the logical structure of that information.
Two essential parts:
Information
Logical structure & relationships
Semester Database

5. Database Management
Idea: to have information available to a wide array of user groups
Customized format for each user group
Data modification to be made once, not many times
What does this involve?
Hardware
Software
People
Data
Networks

6. Database Management DBMS: Database Management System
Database development
Database manipulation (interrogation)
Database maintenance
Application (Interface) development
Examples of DBMSes
Microsoft Access, Lotus Approach
Oracle 8
IBM’s DB2
FileMaker Pro, FoxPro, Paradox, Sybase

7. DBMS: Database Development
People: Database Administrators & Specialists
DDL: Data Definition Language (a.k.a. Data Definition Subsystem)
Data Dictionary
Defines what data can go where in a database
Defines relationships

8. DBMS: Database Manipulation
People: End users
Query Languages
SQL: Structured Query Language
QBE: Query by Example
Report Generators
Premade report formats

9. DBMS: Database Maintenance
Transaction Processing Programs
Updating information
Adding new information
Information Validation
Backup & recovery
Security management

10. DBMS: Application Development
Developing programs and/or forms to allow input of information

11. Conceptual Types of Databases
Operational Databases - Day-to-day operations
Analytical Databases - Management analysis
Data Warehouses
Huge conglomeration of operational & analytical DBs
Used for historical analysis
End User Databases
Distributed Databases – for easier access
External Databases – Internet, stats, LEXIS/NEXIS, etc.

12. Database Structures Hierarchical Network Relational Object-Oriented
Multidimensional
Object-Oriented
How to choose: let the data dictate the model
Automobile
Electrical
Mechanical
Fuses
Wiring
Valves

13. Hierarchical Structure
Similar to some website layouts
Relationships: one-to-many (EX: many fuses in electrical category)
Automobile
Electrical
Mechanical
Fuses
Wiring
Valves

14. Network Structure
Different aspects to the relationships, so many possible relationships
Relationships: many-to-many (EX: valves associated with metal & plastic, plastic assoc. with fuses & valves)
Automobile
Electrical
Mechanical
Wiring
Fuses
Valves
Metal
Plastic

15. Relational Structure
Data stored in tables, with relationships between tables
Multidimensional: data stored in 3D, not 2D

16. Object-Oriented Structure
Data stored in objects with defined relationships
Objects have attributes(data) & operations(methods).
Bank Account Object
Attributes:
Customer
Balance Interest
Operations:
Deposit ($)
Withdraw ($)
Get owner
Checking Account Object
Savings Account Object
Attributes:
Credit Line
Monthly Statement
Operations:
Calc. Interest Print Monthly Statement
Attributes:
# Withdrawals # Deposits Qtrly Statement
Operations:
Calc. Interest
Print Qtrly Statement

17. Accessing Databases Key Fields (unique identifiers) in relational DBs
Internet: URLs (Uniform Resource Locators)
Sequential access (like a cassette tape)
Direct access (like a hard drive) – requires a index or key transformation

18. Database Development Action Steps Products of Steps
Data Planning:
Develop model
of business
Processes
Requirement
Specification:
Define info
needs of end
users
Conceptual
Design:
Express reqs in
high-level
model
Logical Design:
Translate high- level model
into data model
Physical Design:
Determine data storage structure & access methods
Enterprise model of business processes
Description of users’ needs
Conceptual data models w/ relationships
Logical data models
Physical data models inc. access methods
Products of Steps