1. -Swagata Mitra Majumdar
PIEZOELECTRICS
-Swagata Mitra Majumdar

2. INTRODUCTION
Piezoelectricity from the Greek word "piezo" means pressure electricity.
It is the property of certain crystalline substances to generate electrical charges on the application of mechanical stress.
Conversely, if the crystal is placed in an electric field, it will experience a mechanical strain
Quartz is a well known single crystal material depicting such piezoelectric effects.
Strong piezoelectric effects can be induced in Lead Zirconate Titanate based ferroelectric ceramic materials. These materials are represented by the formula ABO3 , wherein A-site denotes large divalent metal ion such as Pb and B-site denotes smaller tetravalent ion such as Ti or Zr.
ADVANTAGES : Higher piezoelectric coeffs, ease of fabrication into components of any shape and size, mechanically hard and robust, chemically inert and completely unaffected by atmospheric humidity

3. APPLICATIONS
These materials are available in a variety of shapes and sizes such as disks, plates, bars, rings, rods, tubes, etc.
Some of the typical applications are:
* High Voltage Generators for gas lighters
* Fuses for explosives * Ultrasonic cleaner
* Nebulisers * Strain and excitation gauges
* Accelerometers * Flow meters
* Dynamic force and pressure measurement
* SONAR * Deepwater hydrophones
* Piezoelectric actuators/translators

4. Sizes of piezoelectric disks

5. WORK IN PROGRESS

6. WORK IN PROGRESS
Two piezoelectrics have been attached to a flexi tube opposite to each other at the same level from ground.
One piezoelectric is connected to a 100 ohm resistor which in turn is connected to the signal generator.
The other piezoelectric is connected to the oscilloscope.
Water is filled into the flexi tube.
The input and output waveforms are noticed simultaneously on the CRO and the output voltage, resistor voltage and hence the current are noted down for different frequencies, input voltage and waveforms.

7. WAVEFORMS

8. THANK YOU