1. ENGINEERING ECONOMICS ISE460 SESSION 9 CHAPTER 4, June 10, 2015 Geza P. Bottlik Page 1 OUTLINE Questions? News? Recommendations Next Homework Chapter 4 –Mortgages –Bonds –Investments

2. ENGINEERING ECONOMICS ISE460 SESSION 9 CHAPTER 4, June 10, 2015 Geza P. Bottlik Page 2 Recommendations Somerset House (by Waterloo bridge on North Bank) –Wonderful art gallery, free to students (Courtauld gallery) –Best collection of Rubens I have seen –Terrific collection of impressionists and some Fauvists –Huge courtyard with fountains –Terrace with view of the river St. Mary’s church, just North of Somerset House –Protestant churches are usually not open, this Anglican one is from 10 -4 Tue-Thu. Interesting if you have never been in one (I hadn’t)

3. ENGINEERING ECONOMICS ISE460 SESSION 9 CHAPTER 4, June 10, 2015 Geza P. Bottlik Page 3 HOME MORTGAGE - EXAMPLES WITH OR WITHOUT POINTS MULTIPLE RATES VARIABLE RATE PEGGED TO ANOTHER RATE –ARIZONA HOME EXAMPLE REFINANCING - DISCUSSION

4. ENGINEERING ECONOMICS ISE460 SESSION 9 CHAPTER 4, June 10, 2015 Geza P. Bottlik Page 4 Example 1 Borrow $100,000 for 15 years, making monthly payments Option 1: Interest rate of 6.375% APR, pay 1 point (%) that is subtracted up front (you only get $99,000, but have to pay back $100,000) Option 2: Interest rate of 6.75% APR

5. ENGINEERING ECONOMICS ISE460 SESSION 9 CHAPTER 4, June 10, 2015 Geza P. Bottlik Page 5 Example 2 Borrowing $400,000 Given 4 different interest rates –The first three last 1 year each (3.125%, 3.75%, 4.25%) –The fourth is for the balance of 27 years (4.75%) The assumption is that the borrowers ability to pay will increase during the first few years What is the overall APR?

6. ENGINEERING ECONOMICS ISE460 SESSION 9 CHAPTER 4, June 10, 2015 Geza P. Bottlik Page 6 VARIABLE RATES

7. ENGINEERING ECONOMICS ISE460 SESSION 9 CHAPTER 4, June 10, 2015 Geza P. Bottlik Page 7 VARIABLE RATES

8. ENGINEERING ECONOMICS ISE460 SESSION 9 CHAPTER 4, June 10, 2015 Geza P. Bottlik Page 8 REFINANCING You borrowed $300,000 5 years ago at 4% APR for a term of 30 years and have been making regular payments Current interest rates are 3.75% You can refinance the loan for a fee of $3000 for another 30 years Should you refinance?

9. ENGINEERING ECONOMICS ISE460 SESSION 9 CHAPTER 4, June 10, 2015 Geza P. Bottlik Page 9 BONDS ISSUED BY: –COMPANIES –FEDERAL GOVERNMENT (SAVINGS BONDS) –STATE GOVERNMENTS –MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENTS (USUALLY TAX FREE)

10. ENGINEERING ECONOMICS ISE460 SESSION 9 CHAPTER 4, June 10, 2015 Geza P. Bottlik Page 10 BONDS (CONTINUED) DEFINITIONS –MORTGAGE BONDS = BACKED BY SPECIFIC COLLATERAL –DEBENTURES = BACKED BY OVERALL ASSETS PAR VALUE = STATED FACE VALUE, DOES NOT CHANGE MATURITY DATE = DATE ON WHICH PAR VALUE WILL BE REPAID COUPON RATE - INTEREST PAID ON THE PAR VALUE –SEMIANNUAL PAYMENT IS USUAL, DOES NOT CHANGE

11. ENGINEERING ECONOMICS ISE460 SESSION 9 CHAPTER 4, June 10, 2015 Geza P. Bottlik Page 11 BONDS (CONTINUED) DEFINITIONS (CONTINUED) DISCOUNT BOND - SOLD BELOW ITS PAR VALUE PREMIUM BOND - SOLD ABOVE ITS PAR VALUE MARKET PRICE - THE PRICE AT WHICH THE BOND IS CURRENTLY BOUGHT AND SOLD THE VALUE OF A BOND IS DETERMINED BY THE PRESENT VALUE OF THE REMAINING COUPONS AND THE PRESENT VALUE OF THE FACE (PAR) VALUE AT MATURITY (ALSO USED TO DETERMINE THE YIELD TO MATURITY) CURRENT YIELD – ANNUAL COUPONS DIVIDED BY THE PRESENT PRICE

12. ENGINEERING ECONOMICS ISE460 SESSION 9 CHAPTER 4, June 10, 2015 Geza P. Bottlik Page 12 Bond Example Face Value $1000 Coupon Rate 5.5%, paid semiannually Date of Issue Jan 1, 2008 Maturity 10 Years Prevailing interest rate 2% How much would you want to sell or buy this bond for?

13. ENGINEERING ECONOMICS ISE460 SESSION 9 CHAPTER 4, June 10, 2015 Geza P. Bottlik Page 13 INVESTING LIQUIDITY – HOW QUICKLY YOU CAN GET AT YOUR MONEY –FROM IN YOUR POCKET TO TIED UP IN A 35 YEAR MORTGAGE (ALTHOUGH YOU COULD TRY AND SELL THE MORTGAGE) RISK – HOW LIKELY ARE YOU TO LOSE THE VALUE OF YOUR ASSET –FROM U.S. TREASURY BONDS TO BETTING ON HORSES RETURN – PROFIT OVER TIME –SUM OF THREE FACTORS 1. “RISK FREE” REAL RETURN 2. INFLATION FACTOR 3. PREMIUM FOR RISK

14. ENGINEERING ECONOMICS ISE460 SESSION 9 CHAPTER 4, June 10, 2015 Geza P. Bottlik Page 14 INVESTING RETURN (CONTINUED) –COMPOUND –AVERAGE ANNUAL RATE –VOLATILITY – HOW MUCH DOES IT MOVE UP OR DOWN –+’- $ OR % –STANDARD DEVIATION = s ($ OR z) »MEASURES PROBABILITY FROM THE MEAN +/- 1 s = 65% +/- 2 s = 95% +/- 3 s = 99%

15. ENGINEERING ECONOMICS ISE460 SESSION 9 CHAPTER 4, June 10, 2015 Geza P. Bottlik Page 15 INVESTING STRATEGY – RISK VS. PAYOFF –DOLLAR AVERAGING – INVEST AT A STEADY RATE REGARDLESS OF PRICE –DIVESIFICATION – SPREAD THE RISK AMONG MANY DIFFERENT INVESTMENTS –ASSET ALLOCATION- MOVE YOUR MONEY AMONG DIFFERENT INVESTMENTS – THIS IS WHAT MONEY MANAGERS DO

16. ENGINEERING ECONOMICS ISE460 SESSION 9 CHAPTER 4, June 10, 2015 Geza P. Bottlik Page 16 DEFINITIONS MUTUAL FUND – POOLED MONEY IN MANY STOCKS STOCK – PART OWNERSHIP IN A COMPANY. YOU PAY A COMMISSION TO A BROKER TO BUY OR SELL A STOCK. THE PRICE DEPENDS ON WHAT OTHERS ARE WILLING TO PAY FOR IT DIVIDEND -- A PORTION OF THE PROFITS PAID TO THE OWNERS OF SHARES CAPITAL GAIN (LOSS) – WHAT YOU MAKE OR LOSE ON THE SALE OF AN ASSET HELD OVER 6 MONTHS SEE EXAMPLE 6.3 FOR AN ATTEMPT TO EVALUATE A STOCK (NOT ON THE SPREADSHEET DEMO)

17. ENGINEERING ECONOMICS ISE460 SESSION 9 CHAPTER 4, June 10, 2015 Geza P. Bottlik Page 17 DEFINITIONS(CONTINUED) OPTION – AN OPPORTUNITY TO BUY A STOCK –BUY PUT – TO BUY WITHIN A SPECIFIED TIME –BUY CALL – TO BUY AT A GIVEN PRICE (STRIKE PRICE) WITHIN A SPECIFIC TIME –EXERCISE AN OPTION – BUY THE STOCK