1. Canadian & World Politics www.CraigMarlatt.com/school
Types of World Systems
Canadian & World Politics

2. Types of World Systems Non-Governmental Organizations
International Alliances
United Nations
Decision Making in Different Sectors

3. Non-Governmental Organizations
What is the role of NGOs?
Suggested Strategies:
Provide a coordinated, situation-specific, rapid response.
Build technical and operational capacity for the long-term.
Ensure educational services to all.

4. International Alliances
Key Alliances
North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) - nato.int
Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) - aseansec.org
African Union (AU) - africa-union.org
Organization of American States (OAS) - oas.org
Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) - apecsec.org.sg

5. The United Nations

6. United Nations Structure
Six main “organs” of the UN
General Assembly
Security Council
Secretariat
International Court of Justice
Economic & Social Council
Trusteeship Council
Many other agencies & organizations within the UN system

8. UNHQ – “New York City”

9. Secretariat (& Secretary-General)
Secretariat is the “business”
Secretary-General acts as a diplomat, advocate, civil servant, and CEO
Spokesman for the interests of the world’s peoples, in particular the poor and vulnerable
H.E. Ban Ki-moon of Korea (2007-)

10. General Assembly

11. Security Council

12. Economic & Social Council

13. Trusteeship Council (to 1994)

14. International Court of Justice - The Hague

15. UN European HQ – Geneva
Former HQ of the League of Nations

16. UN Office at Vienna
UNHCR, Space, Drugs

17. UN Office at Nairobi
UNEP, UNHABITAT

19. Purpose of the UN Maintain international peace & security
Achieve international cooperation in solving economic, social, cultural, & humanitarian problems
Promote respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms
Be a centre for harmonizing the actions of nations in attaining common goals

20. UN Priorities: Conflict Resolution
Peaceful Settlement of Differences
International Court of Justice
Economic Sanctions
Peacekeeping Force
Regular Military Force
Must be made available by all member states on an individual basis

21. UN Priorities: Human Rights
Universal Declaration of Human Rights
High Commission for Human Rights
Will be replaced by the Human Rights Council on June 16th, 2006
Refugees
High Commission for Refugees

22. UN Priorities: Sustainable Development
“Programs that improve people’s quality of life without impairing future generations’ ability to improve their quality of life”
UN Conference on Human Environment
The Earth Summit
United Nations Environment Program

23. UN Priorities: The Middle East
Whereas many other conflicts were resolved in a relatively short time….
Palestine & Israel Conflict dominated the Security Council agenda for decades
Palestine to Israel; Palestine & Israel?!
Wars: 1948, 1956, 1967, and 1973
Problems still exist today

24. UN Priorities: Other Major Issues
Women
Child Labour
Colonies (success!)
Apartheid (success!)
Population
Development (including the HDI)
Health

25. UN Millennium Development Goals
Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger
Achieve universal primary education
Promote gender equality and empower women
Reduce child mortality
Improve maternal health
Combat HIV/AIDS, malaria, and other diseases
Ensure environmental sustainability
Develop a global partnership for development

26. Canada & the United Nations

27. H.E. Guillermo Rishchynski
Ambassador and Permanent Representative of Canada to the United Nations
Veteran Trade Commissioner, Ambassador, and executive for the Canadian International Development Agency

28. The Rt. Hon. Lester B. Pearson
Invented the concept of peacekeeping
President of the General Assembly
Won the Nobel Peace Prize for efforts to resolve the Suez Crisis of 1956
Canadian Prime Minister

29. Ms. Louise Frechette
Appointed first ever UN Deputy Secretary-General
Helped manage Secretariat operations
Canadian UN Ambassador

30. Mrs. Louise Arbour Was the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights
Former Justice of the Supreme Court of Canada
Former Chief Prosecutor for the International Criminal Tribunals for Yugoslavia and Rwanda

31. H.E. Stephen Lewis Was the UN Special Envoy for HIV/AIDS in Africa
Former Deputy Director of UNICEF
Former Canadian UN Ambassador
Former MPP and Leader of the Ontario NDP

32. General Maurice Baril
Was a United Nations Headquarters Military Advisor - Senior military advisor to the Secretary-General
Former Canadian Chief of Defence Staff (Canada’s top soldier)

33. LGen The Hon. Roméo Dallaire
Was a Commander of the United Nations Assistance Mission in Rwanda
Author of Shake Hands with the Devil: The Failure of Humanity in Rwanda
Canadian Senator

34. MGen Lewis Mackenzie
Was a Commander of the United Nations Protection Force in Yugoslavia
Author of Peacekeeper, Road to Sarajevo

35. Canada’s Financial Contributions to the UN
7th leading contributor to the UN – 2.5% of the UN’s budget (US $34.5 million)… more than China or Russia!
Canada has a perfect payment record – always in full, on time, and without conditions
In addition, Canada contributes $77 million annually for UN peacekeeping

36. Canada and International Development
Canada spent US $4.73 billion in 2008 on Official Development Assistance (ODA) – 9th largest in the world
0.32% of our Gross National Income (GNI) or approximately $100 from every Canadian
UN “target” is 0.7% GNI (originally set by Pearson in 1969, but repeatedly affirmed as an appropriate goal)
5 countries are there already; others have made firm commitments to get there before 2017

37. Canada and Children
Canada played a key role in creating the 1989 UN Convention on the Rights of a Child
Canada Co-Chaired the 1990 World Summit for Children
Canada hosted the 2000 International Conference on War Affected Children

38. Canada and Development in Africa
Canada dropped its tariffs and quotas on nearly all imports from least-developed countries in 2003
Canada led the G8 Africa Action Plan that helped African nations launch the New Partnership for Africa’s Development (NEPAD)
Canada added another $500 million in aid through the Canada Fund for Africa

39. Canadian Missions to the UN
Permanent Mission of Canada to the United Nations in New York (UNHQ)
Geneva Mission, Vienna Mission
Delegation to UNESCO in Paris
Mission UN HABITAT in Nairobi
Mission to UNEP in Nairobi
Mission to FAO in Rome
Mission to ICAO in Montreal

40. Questions About the UN? www.un.org www.un.int/canada
Michael Kovrig –

41. Decision Making in Different Sectors
Corporations, Humanitarian Organizations, International Organizations
Whose interests are at heart when decisions are being made?
Who makes decisions in each organization or corporation?
What are the primary concerns or objectives of the organization or corporation?
Where does the organization or corporation get its funding from?
What does the organization or corporation do with its money?

42. Decision Making in Different Sectors
Nike
Shell
Doctors without Borders
Canadian Red Cross
Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries
World Bank